Egyptian
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Etymology
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s- (causative prefix) + jꜣṯ (“to be injured”); despite the derivation from jꜣṯ, it appears the expected form *sjꜣṯ is unattested.
Pronunciation
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caus. 3-lit.
- (transitive, of measures of barley or fields) to cut short, to downsize (deceitfully)
- (transitive, of people) to mutilate
Inflection
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Conjugation of sjꜣt (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sjꜣt
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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sjꜣt
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sjꜣtw, sjꜣt
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sjꜣtt
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sjꜣt
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sjꜣt
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| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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sjꜣt
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ḥr sjꜣt
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m sjꜣt
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r sjꜣt
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| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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sjꜣt.n
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sjꜣtw, sjꜣt
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consecutive
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sjꜣt.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| terminative
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sjꜣtt
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| perfective3
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sjꜣt
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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sjꜣt.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| imperfective
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sjꜣt
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| prospective3
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sjꜣtw, sjꜣt, sjꜣty
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sjꜣtw, sjꜣt, sjꜣty
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potentialis1
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sjꜣt.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| subjunctive
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sjꜣt
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| verbal adjectives
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| aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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| active
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passive
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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sjꜣt.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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| perfective
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sjꜣt
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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sjꜣt
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sjꜣt, sjꜣtw5, sjꜣty5
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| imperfective
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sjꜣt, sjꜣty, sjꜣtw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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sjꜣt, sjꜣtj6, sjꜣty6
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sjꜣt, sjꜣtw5
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| prospective
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sjꜣt, sjꜣttj7
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—
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sjꜣtwtj1 4, sjꜣttj4, sjꜣtt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sjꜣt
References
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- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 257.
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 32.1–32.4
