souiller
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle French souiller, from Old French soillier, souillier (“to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire”), from Frankish *sulwijan (“to make dirty, soil”), from Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, *saulijaną (“to soil, make dirty”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, mud”). Cognate with Old Saxon sulian (“to soil, mire”), Middle Dutch soluwen, seulewen (“to soil, besmirch”), Old High German solagōn, bisullen (“to make dirty”), German suhlen (“to soil, make dirty”), Old English solian, sylian (“to soil, sully”), Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”). More at soil.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
souiller
- (transitive) to soil, sully, dirty
- Synonym: salir
- (transitive) to make unclean or impure; defile, profane
- (figuratively, transitive) to blacken, besmirch, defile
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of souiller (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | souiller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | souillant /su.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | souillé /su.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | souille /suj/ |
souilles /suj/ |
souille /suj/ |
souillons /su.jɔ̃/ |
souillez /su.je/ |
souillent /suj/ |
| imperfect | souillais /su.jɛ/ |
souillais /su.jɛ/ |
souillait /su.jɛ/ |
souillions /suj.jɔ̃/ |
souilliez /suj.je/ |
souillaient /su.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | souillai /su.je/ |
souillas /su.ja/ |
souilla /su.ja/ |
souillâmes /su.jam/ |
souillâtes /su.jat/ |
souillèrent /su.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | souillerai /suj.ʁe/ |
souilleras /suj.ʁa/ |
souillera /suj.ʁa/ |
souillerons /suj.ʁɔ̃/ |
souillerez /suj.ʁe/ |
souilleront /suj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | souillerais /suj.ʁɛ/ |
souillerais /suj.ʁɛ/ |
souillerait /suj.ʁɛ/ |
souillerions /su.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
souilleriez /su.jə.ʁje/ |
souilleraient /suj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | souille /suj/ |
souilles /suj/ |
souille /suj/ |
souillions /suj.jɔ̃/ |
souilliez /suj.je/ |
souillent /suj/ |
| imperfect2 | souillasse /su.jas/ |
souillasses /su.jas/ |
souillât /su.ja/ |
souillassions /su.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
souillassiez /su.ja.sje/ |
souillassent /su.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | souille /suj/ |
— | souillons /su.jɔ̃/ |
souillez /su.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “souiller” in Émile Littré, Dictionnaire de la langue française, 1872–1877.
- “souiller”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.