ti-
Classical Nahuatl Edit
Alternative forms Edit
- t- (before vowels)
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
ti-
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person plural: we.
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is second person singular: you; thou.
Usage notes Edit
- If used to denote the (first person) plural, then the prefixed verb should also be suffixed with -h.
Related terms Edit
Esperanto Edit
Etymology Edit
Demonstratives of European languages in t, such as English (this, that, there, thus, then), French (tel, tant), Polish (ten), Russian (те, то, так, там, такой, тогда). Note also German (dies, den).
Prefix Edit
ti-
- this-, that-. (Demonstrative correlative prefix.)
Usage notes Edit
By itself, the ti- words do not specify distance, as is the case with French ce. However, the absence of the particle ĉi, which indicates proximity, may suggest greater distance than ĉi would be used for. That is, tiu ĉi (this one) is equivalent to French celui-ci, while tiu (that one) is equivalent to both celui and celui-là. Occasionally the particle for is used (tiu for) for celui-là.
Derived terms Edit
Maquiritari Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
ti-
- Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel i.
Inflection Edit
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
Old Saxon Edit
Prefix Edit
ti-
- Alternative form of te-
Phuthi Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix Edit
ti-
- Class 8 noun prefix.
Etymology 2 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix Edit
ti-
- they; class 8 subject concord.
- them; class 8 object concord.
- they; class 10 subject concord.
- them; class 10 object concord.
Etymology 3 Edit
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Prefix Edit
ti-
- Class 10 noun prefix.
Pipil Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
ti-
- (personal) you, second-person singular subject marker.
- (personal) we, first-person plural subject marker.
See also Edit
Swazi Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix Edit
ti-
- Class 8 noun prefix.
Etymology 2 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix Edit
ti-
Taos Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
ti-
- (transitive) First person singular subject + third person singular object.
Uneapa Edit
Etymology Edit
From earlier *tina- via haplology from *tina-na > ti-na, from Proto-Oceanic *tina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tina, from Proto-Austronesian *ta-ina, from *ina.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ti-
Further reading Edit
- Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366
- Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.
West Makian Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ti-
- first-person singular possessive prefix, my
See also Edit
independent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
References Edit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics