totus

Latin

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Oscan 𐌕𐌏𐌖𐌕𐌏 (touto, “community, city-state”), Umbrian 𐌕𐌏𐌕𐌀𐌌 (totam, “tribe”, acc.), from Proto-Italic *toutā (“people; populace, citizenship”) from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈtoː.tus/, [ˈt̪oːt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔːt̪us]
• Hyphenation: to‧tus

Adjective

tōtus (feminine tōta, neuter tōtum); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal)

1. whole, all, entire, total, complete, every part

   Synonym: cūnctus

2. all together, all at once

Usage notes

• In separating totus from omnis it can be useful to remember Quintilian's sentence (Ins.Or.8.3.70), "minus est tamen totum dicere, quam omnia" ("It is less to say the whole, than all the parts.").

Declension

First/second-declension adjective (pronominal).

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tōtus	tōta	tōtum		tōtī	tōtae	tōta
Genitive	tōtī̆us				tōtōrum	tōtārum	tōtōrum
Dative	tōtī				tōtīs
Accusative	tōtum	tōtam	tōtum		tōtōs	tōtās	tōta
Ablative	tōtō	tōtā	tōtō		tōtīs
Vocative	tōte	tōta	tōtum		tōtī	tōtae	tōta

Derived terms

• pars prō tōtō
• Tēla Tōtīus Terrae
• tōtālis

Descendants

• Vulgar Latin: tōttus
  • Dalmatian:
    • tot
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Corsican: tuttu
    • Italian: tutto
    • Neapolitan: tutto
    • Sicilian: tuttu
  • Insular Romance:
    • Sardinian: tottu
  • North Italian:
    • Gallo-Italic:
      • Lombard: tut, tucc pl
      • Piedmontese: tut, tüt
      • Romagnol: tot
    • Friulian: dut
    • Istriot: doûto
    • Ladin: dut
    • Romansch: tut, tot, tuot
    • Venetian: tuto, tut, dut
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Catalan: tot
    • Franco-Provençal: tot
    • Old French: tot (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Occitan: tot
      • Occitan: tot
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Aragonese: tot
• Balkan Romance: (if not via tōttus)
  • Aromanian: tut, tot
  • Istro-Romanian: tot
  • Romanian: tot
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: tou
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: todo
    • Fala: tó
    • Galician: todo
    • Portuguese: todo, tudo (see there for further descendants)
  • Spanish: todo
• Borrowings:
  • → Interlingua: tote

See also

• integer
• omnis

References

• “tōtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “totus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• totus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the perfect harmony of the universe: totius mundi convenientia et consensus
    
  • to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi
    
  • to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature: totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum
    
  • to devote oneself absolutely to the pursuit of pleasure: se totum voluptatibus dedere, tradere
    
  • to devote oneself entirely to literature: se totum litteris tradere, dedere
    
  • to be quite engrossed in literary studies: se totum in litteras or se litteris abdere
    
  • to upset the whole system: totam rationem evertere (pass. iacet tota ratio)
    
  • to love some one very dearly, with all one's heart: aliquem toto pectore, ut dicitur, amare (Leg. 18. 49)
    
  • to put oneself entirely in some one's hands: totum se committere, tradere alicui
    
  • to abandon oneself (entirely) to debauchery: se (totum) libidinibus dedere
    
  • credit is low throughout Italy: fides tota Italia est angusta
    
  • to devote oneself body and soul to the good of the state: totum et animo et corpore in salutem rei publicae se conferre
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 625

Etymology 2

From tot (“so many”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔːt̪us]

Adjective

tŏtus (feminine tŏta, neuter tŏtum); first/second-declension adjective

1. (very rare) so great a ——

   quotcumque pedum spatia facienda censueris, totam partem longitudinis et latitudinis duces

   of however many feet you have determined the gaps are to be made, you will take as great a part of the length and breadth

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tŏtus	tŏta	tŏtum		tŏtī	tŏtae	tŏta
Genitive	tŏtī	tŏtae	tŏtī		tŏtōrum	tŏtārum	tŏtōrum
Dative	tŏtō		tŏtō		tŏtīs
Accusative	tŏtum	tŏtam	tŏtum		tŏtōs	tŏtās	tŏta
Ablative	tŏtō	tŏtā	tŏtō		tŏtīs
Vocative	tŏte	tŏta	tŏtum		tŏtī	tŏtae	tŏta

Related terms

Latin correlatives ^(edit)

type	demonstrative			anaphoric	identity	interrogative/ relative	indefinite					negative	other
	proximal	medial	distal				relative	indefinite	universal	free choice	negative polarity
basic	hic	iste, istic	ille, illic	is	ipse, īdem	quis/quī	quisquis, quīcumque	quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam	quisque	quīvis, quīlibet	quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam	nēmō, nihil, nūllus	alius
dual						uter	utercumque	alteruter	uterque	utervīs, uterlibet		neuter	alter
place	hīc	istīc	illīc	ibī̆	ibī̆dem	ubī̆	ubiubi, ubī̆cumque	alicubī, uspiam	ubīque	ubivīs, ubilibet	usquam	nusquam, nūllibī	alibī, aliās
source	hinc	istinc	illinc	inde	indidem	unde	undecumque, undeunde	alicunde	undique	°undelibet			aliunde
destination	hūc, °hōrsum	istūc, °istōrsum	illūc, °illōrsum	eō	eōdem	quō, quōrsum	quōquō, quōcumque	aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum		quōvīs, quōlibet	quōquam	nusquam, nūllōrsum	aliō, aliōrsum
method, means, path, place	hāc	istāc	illāc	eā	eādem	quā	quāquā, quācumque	aliquā	quāque	quāvīs, quālibet		nēquāquam, haudquāquam	aliā
manner	hōc modō	istō modō	illō modō	ita, sīc, eō modō	item, itidem	ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum	utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque	quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō	utique	quōmodolibet	ūllō modō	nūllō modō	aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time	num, nunc		ōlim	tum, tunc	simul	quandō, ‡cum	cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque	quondam, aliquandō	quandōque	quandōlibet	umquam	numquam	aliās
quantity				tam	†tamen, †tandem	quam	†quamquam	aliquam		quamvīs, quamlibet
size				tantus	tantusdem	quantus	quantuscumque	aliquantus		quantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality				tālis		quālis	quālis, quāliscumque	aliquālis		quālislibet
number				tot	totidem	quot	quotquot, quotcumque	aliquot		quotlibet
order				totus		quotus	quotuscumque	aliquotus		quotuslibet
repetition				totiēns		quotiēns	quotiēnscumque	aliquotiēns		quotiēnslibet
multiplication				totuplex		quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

References

• “tŏtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “totus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• totus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.