totus

Latin

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Oscan 𐌕𐌏𐌖𐌕𐌏 (touto, “community, city-state”), Umbrian 𐌕𐌏𐌕𐌀𐌌 (totam, “tribe”, acc.), from Proto-Italic *toutā (“people; populace, citizenship”) from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈtoː.tus/, [ˈt̪oːt̪ʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔːt̪us]
• Hyphenation: to‧tus

Adjective

tōtus (feminine tōta, neuter tōtum); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal)

1. whole, all, entire, total, complete, every part

   Synonym: cūnctus

2. all together, all at once

Usage notes

• In separating totus from omnis it can be useful to remember Quintilian's sentence (Ins.Or.8.3.70), "minus est tamen totum dicere, quam omnia" ("It is less to say the whole, than all the parts.").

Declension

First/second-declension adjective (pronominal).

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tōtus	tōta	tōtum		tōtī	tōtae	tōta
Genitive	tōtī̆us				tōtōrum	tōtārum	tōtōrum
Dative	tōtī				tōtīs
Accusative	tōtum	tōtam	tōtum		tōtōs	tōtās	tōta
Ablative	tōtō	tōtā	tōtō		tōtīs
Vocative	tōte	tōta	tōtum		tōtī	tōtae	tōta

Derived terms

• pars prō tōtō
• Tēla Tōtīus Terrae
• tōtālis

Descendants

See also Late Latin tōttus.

• Balkan Romance: (if not via tōttus)
  • Aromanian: tut, tot
  • Istro-Romanian: tot
  • Romanian: tot
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: tou
  • Old Portuguese: todo
    • Galician: todo
    • Portuguese: todo, tudo (see there for further descendants)
  • Spanish: todo
• Borrowings:
  • → Interlingua: tote

See also

• integer
• omnis

References

• “tōtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “totus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• totus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the perfect harmony of the universe: totius mundi convenientia et consensus
    
  • to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi
    
  • to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature: totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum
    
  • to devote oneself absolutely to the pursuit of pleasure: se totum voluptatibus dedere, tradere
    
  • to devote oneself entirely to literature: se totum litteris tradere, dedere
    
  • to be quite engrossed in literary studies: se totum in litteras or se litteris abdere
    
  • to upset the whole system: totam rationem evertere (pass. iacet tota ratio)
    
  • to love some one very dearly, with all one's heart: aliquem toto pectore, ut dicitur, amare (Leg. 18. 49)
    
  • to put oneself entirely in some one's hands: totum se committere, tradere alicui
    
  • to abandon oneself (entirely) to debauchery: se (totum) libidinibus dedere
    
  • credit is low throughout Italy: fides tota Italia est angusta
    
  • to devote oneself body and soul to the good of the state: totum et animo et corpore in salutem rei publicae se conferre
    

Etymology 2

From tot (“so many”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔt̪ʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔːt̪us]

Adjective

tŏtus (feminine tŏta, neuter tŏtum); first/second-declension adjective

1. (very rare) so great a ——

   quotcumque pedum spatia facienda censueris, totam partem longitudinis et latitudinis duces

   of however many feet you have determined the gaps are to be made, you will take as great a part of the length and breadth

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tŏtus	tŏta	tŏtum		tŏtī	tŏtae	tŏta
Genitive	tŏtī	tŏtae	tŏtī		tŏtōrum	tŏtārum	tŏtōrum
Dative	tŏtō		tŏtō		tŏtīs
Accusative	tŏtum	tŏtam	tŏtum		tŏtōs	tŏtās	tŏta
Ablative	tŏtō	tŏtā	tŏtō		tŏtīs
Vocative	tŏte	tŏta	tŏtum		tŏtī	tŏtae	tŏta

Related terms

Latin correlatives ^(edit)

type	interrogative	indefinite	(medial) demonstrative	proximal demonstrative	distal demonstrative	relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
basic	quis, quī	quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quisquam, aliquisquam, quispiam, ūllus	is, iste, istic	hic	ille, illic	quī	quisquis, quīcumque	ipse, īdem	alter, alius
dual	uter	alteruter, uterque				uter	utercumque
number	quot	aliquot	tot			quot	quotquot, quotcumque	totidem
order	quotus		totus			quotus	quotuscumque
quantity	quam	aliquam	tam			quam	†quamquam	†tamen, †tandem
size	quantus	aliquantus	tantus			quantus	quantuscumque	tantusdem
quality	quālis	aliquālis	tālis			quālis	quālis, quāliscumque
manner	ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum	utique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō	ita, sic, eō/istō modō	hōc modō	illō modō	ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum	utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque	item, itidem	aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
method, path, place	quā	aliquā, quāque	eā, istāc	hāc	illāc	quā	quāquā, quācumque	eādem	aliā
place	ubi	alicubi, ubique, usquam, uspiam	ibi, istic	hīc	illīc	ubi	ubiubi, ubicumque	ibidem	alibī, aliās
source	unde	alicunde, undeunde	inde, istinc	hinc	illinc	unde	undecumque	indidem	aliunde
destination	quō, quōrsum	aliquō, quōquam, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum	eō, istūc, °istōrsum	hūc, °hōrsum	illūc, °illōrsum	quō	quōquō, quōcumque	eōdem	aliō, aliorsum
time	quandō	quondam, aliquandō, quandōque, umquam	tum, tunc	num, nunc	ōlim	cum, quandō	cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque	simul	aliās
exact time	quota hōra		ea/ista hōra	hac hōra	illa hōra	quota hōra	quotacumque hōra	eadem hōra	altera/alia hōra
repetition	quotiēns	aliquotiēns	totiēns			quotiēns	quotiēnscumque
multiplication	quotuplex		totuplex			quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare

References

• “tŏtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “totus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• totus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette