waka

See also: Waka, -waka, and wak'a

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Japanese 和歌 (waka), from Middle Chinese 和 (ɣwa), a gloss for 倭 (ʔwa, “Japan”) + 歌 (ka, “song”).

Noun

waka (plural wakas or waka)

1. (poetry) A kind of classical Japanese poem.
   • 1962, Philip K. Dick, “The Man in the High Castle”, in Four Novels of the 1960s, Library of America, published 2007, page 122:

     “Hey, look. There's one of those Jap waka poems on the back of this cigarette package.”

Translations

a kind of classical Japanese poem

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 和歌 (zh) (hégē)

• Japanese: 和歌 (ja) (わか, waka)
• Korean: 와카 (waka), 화가 (ko) (hwaga)
• Russian: ва́ка f (váka)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Maori waka.

Pronunciation

• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˈwʌkʌ/, /ˈwʌkə/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈwakə/
• Rhymes: -ɒkə, -ʌkə

Noun

waka (plural wakas or waka)

1. (New Zealand) A Maori canoe. [from 19th c.]
2. (New Zealand) A broad Maori community consisting of numerous Maori tribes, all sharing common ancestors thought to have come to New Zealand in a particular canoe. (A waka is divided into several iwi.) [from 19th c.]
   • 2003, Michael King, The Penguin History of Aotearoa New Zealand, Penguin, published 2023, page 235:

     On occasion this orientation would extend to wider tribal units […] or even to waka federations such as Tainui, Te Arawa or Mataatua.

Derived terms

• waka-jumper
• waka-jumping

See also

• waka gashira

Anagrams

• kawa

Aymara

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca. Cognate with Jaqaru waka.

Noun

waka

1. cow

Balantak

Noun

waka

1. body

References

• Robert Busenitz & Daniel Bradbury (2016). Balantak Dictionary – waka. SIL International.

Bintulu

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

Noun

waka

1. root (of plant)

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wakaR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Chamicuro

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca.

Noun

waka

1. cow

Chickasaw

Verb

waka

1. to fly

Fijian

Noun

waka

1. root

   Synonym: vu

Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwa.ka/, [ˈʋɐ.kə]

Verb

waka

1. to flash
2. (stative) sharp

Jamamadí

Verb

waka

1. (Banawá) to break

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Japanese

Romanization

waka

1. Rōmaji transcription of わか

Jaqaru

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca. Cognate with Aymara waka.

Noun

waka

1. cow

References

Martha James Hardman. (1996) Jaqaru: Outline of phonological and morphological structure, page 74.

Katukina

Noun

waka

1. water

References

• Maria Sueli de Aguiar, Elementos de descrição sintatica para uma gramatica do Katukina, page 49, 1988

Manchu

Romanization

waka

1. Romanization of ᠸᠠᡴᠠ

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *waka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wa.ka/, [wɐ.kɐ]

Noun

waka

1. boat, canoe
2. vehicle, conveyance
3. transport

Derived terms

• tūnga waka

Descendants

• → English: waka

Mapudungun

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vaca.

Noun

waka (Raguileo spelling)

1. cow

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Nigerian Pidgin

Etymology

Corruption of English walk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wàka/

Verb

waka

1. to walk

   You go waka sha.

   You're going to walk.

   • (Can we date this quote?), Anthonia Ujene, “Count animals”, in Storybooks African Languages‎^[2]:

     Five Impales and six pigs dey waka go d water.

     Five impalas and six warthogs are walking to the water.

Palu'e

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

Noun

waka

1. root (of plant)

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wakaR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Pijin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-

Proto-Indo-European *-om

Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom

Proto-Germanic *werką

Proto-West Germanic *werk

Old English weorc

Middle English werk

English workder.

Pijin waka

From English work.

Noun

waka

1. work; labor; job

Polish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Greater Poland):
  • (Southern Greater Poland) IPA^(key): /ˈva.ka/

Noun

waka f

1. (Southern Greater Poland) old bitch (old female dog)

Further reading

• Oskar Kolberg (1877) “waka”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 32

Quechua

Etymology 1

"Chapter on the idols: waka willka Incap" (the Inca's deities and divinities). The dialogue between the Inca and the wakas is as follows:
Inca: "Waka willkakuna! Pim qamkunata "ama parachun, qasachun, runtuchu" ninki? Rimariy! Chaylla!
("Wakas, willkas! Who of you said "let there not be rain, nor frost, nor hail"? Speak! That's it!
Wakas: "Manam ñuqakunaqa, Inka".
("It was not us, Inca")
Drawing by Guaman Poma.

Alternative forms

• wak'a (Cuzco-Collao)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwa.ka/
  • (Ayacucho) IPA^(key): [ˈwa.ka]
  • (Cuzco-Collao) IPA^(key): [ˈwa.kʼa]

Adjective

waka

1. sacred
2. (historical) sublime; horrifying

Noun

waka

1. an Andean guardian deity

   Near-synonym: willka

2. sanctuary: both natural, like a sacred rock or crevice, and artificial, like a building.
3. (historical) a votive offering

Declension

Declension of waka

	singular	plural
nominative	waka	wakakuna
accusative	wakata	wakakunata
dative	wakaman	wakakunaman
genitive	wakap	wakakunap
locative	wakapi	wakakunapi
terminative	wakakama	wakakunakama
ablative	wakamanta	wakakunamanta
instrumental	wakawan	wakakunawan
comitative	wakantin	wakakunantin
abessive	wakannaq	wakakunannaq
comparative	wakahina	wakakunahina
causative	wakarayku	wakakunarayku
benefactive	wakapaq	wakakunapaq
associative	wakapura	wakakunapura
distributive	wakanka	wakakunanka
exclusive	wakalla	wakakunalla

Possessive forms of waka

ñuqap - first-person singular ñuqap (my) singular plural nominative wakay wakaykuna accusative wakayta wakaykunata dative wakayman wakaykunaman genitive wakaypa wakaykunap locative wakaypi wakaykunapi terminative wakaykama wakaykunakama ablative wakaymanta wakaykunamanta instrumental wakaywan wakaykunawan comitative wakaynintin wakaykunantin abessive wakayninnaq wakaykunannaq comparative wakayhina wakaykunahina causative wakayrayku wakaykunarayku benefactive wakaypaq wakaykunapaq associative wakaypura wakaykunapura distributive wakayninka wakaykunanka exclusive wakaylla wakaykunalla qampa - second-person singular qampa (your) singular plural nominative wakayki wakaykikuna accusative wakaykita wakaykikunata dative wakaykiman wakaykikunaman genitive wakaykipa wakaykikunap locative wakaykipi wakaykikunapi terminative wakaykikama wakaykikunakama ablative wakaykimanta wakaykikunamanta instrumental wakaykiwan wakaykikunawan comitative wakaykintin wakaykikunantin abessive wakaykinnaq wakaykikunannaq comparative wakaykihina wakaykikunahina causative wakaykirayku wakaykikunarayku benefactive wakaykipaq wakaykikunapaq associative wakaykipura wakaykikunapura distributive wakaykinka wakaykikunanka exclusive wakaykilla wakaykikunalla paypa - third-person singular paypa (his/her/its) singular plural nominative wakan wakankuna accusative wakanta wakankunata dative wakanman wakankunaman genitive wakanpa wakankunap locative wakanpi wakankunapi terminative wakankama wakankunakama ablative wakanmanta wakankunamanta instrumental wakanwan wakankunawan comitative wakanintin wakankunantin abessive wakanninnaq wakankunannaq comparative wakanhina wakankunahina causative wakanrayku wakankunarayku benefactive wakanpaq wakankunapaq associative wakanpura wakankunapura distributive wakaninka wakankunanka exclusive wakanlla wakankunalla ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) singular plural nominative wakanchik wakanchikkuna accusative wakanchikta wakanchikkunata dative wakanchikman wakanchikkunaman genitive wakanchikpa wakanchikkunap locative wakanchikpi wakanchikkunapi terminative wakanchikkama wakanchikkunakama ablative wakanchikmanta wakanchikkunamanta instrumental wakanchikwan wakanchikkunawan comitative wakanchiknintin wakanchikkunantin abessive wakanchikninnaq wakanchikkunannaq comparative wakanchikhina wakanchikkunahina causative wakanchikrayku wakanchikkunarayku benefactive wakanchikpaq wakanchikkunapaq associative wakanchikpura wakanchikkunapura distributive wakanchikninka wakanchikkunanka exclusive wakanchiklla wakanchikkunalla ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural ñuqaykup (our(excl)) singular plural nominative wakayku wakaykukuna accusative wakaykuta wakaykukunata dative wakaykuman wakaykukunaman genitive wakaykupa wakaykukunap locative wakaykupi wakaykukunapi terminative wakaykukama wakaykukunakama ablative wakaykumanta wakaykukunamanta instrumental wakaykuwan wakaykukunawan comitative wakaykuntin wakaykukunantin abessive wakaykunnaq wakaykukunannaq comparative wakaykuhina wakaykukunahina causative wakaykurayku wakaykukunarayku benefactive wakaykupaq wakaykukunapaq associative wakaykupura wakaykukunapura distributive wakaykunka wakaykukunanka exclusive wakaykulla wakaykukunalla qamkunap - second-person plural qamkunap (your(pl)) singular plural nominative wakaykichik wakaykichikkuna accusative wakaykichikta wakaykichikkunata dative wakaykichikman wakaykichikkunaman genitive wakaykichikpa wakaykichikkunap locative wakaykichikpi wakaykichikkunapi terminative wakaykichikkama wakaykichikkunakama ablative wakaykichikmanta wakaykichikkunamanta instrumental wakaykichikwan wakaykichikkunawan comitative wakaykichiknintin wakaykichikkunantin abessive wakaykichikninnaq wakaykichikkunannaq comparative wakaykichikhina wakaykichikkunahina causative wakaykichikrayku wakaykichikkunarayku benefactive wakaykichikpaq wakaykichikkunapaq associative wakaykichikpura wakaykichikkunapura distributive wakaykichikninka wakaykichikkunanka exclusive wakaykichiklla wakaykichikkunalla paykunap - third-person plural paykunap (their) singular plural nominative wakanku wakankukuna accusative wakankuta wakankukunata dative wakankuman wakankukunaman genitive wakankupa wakankukunap locative wakankupi wakankukunapi terminative wakankukama wakankukunakama ablative wakankumanta wakankukunamanta instrumental wakankuwan wakankukunawan comitative wakankuntin wakankukunantin abessive wakankunnaq wakankukunannaq comparative wakankuhina wakankukunahina causative wakankurayku wakankukunarayku benefactive wakankupaq wakankukunapaq associative wakankupura wakankukunapura distributive wakankunka wakankukunanka exclusive wakankulla wakankukunalla

Descendants

• → Spanish: huaca

References

Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo (2013) Tras las huellas del Inca Garcilaso: el lenguaje como hermenéutica en la comprensión del pasado [Following the footsteps of Inca Garcilaso: Language as hermeneutics in the understanding of the past], Boston: Latinoamericana Editories; CELACP; Revista de Crítica Literaria Latinoamericana, →DOI

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish vaca.

Noun

waka

1. (Cuzco-Collao) Alternative form of baka

Declension

Declension of waka

	singular	plural
nominative	waka	wakakuna
accusative	wakata	wakakunata
dative	wakaman	wakakunaman
genitive	wakap	wakakunap
locative	wakapi	wakakunapi
terminative	wakakama	wakakunakama
ablative	wakamanta	wakakunamanta
instrumental	wakawan	wakakunawan
comitative	wakantin	wakakunantin
abessive	wakannaq	wakakunannaq
comparative	wakahina	wakakunahina
causative	wakarayku	wakakunarayku
benefactive	wakapaq	wakakunapaq
associative	wakapura	wakakunapura
distributive	wakanka	wakakunanka
exclusive	wakalla	wakakunalla

Possessive forms of waka

ñuqap - first-person singular ñuqap (my) singular plural nominative wakay wakaykuna accusative wakayta wakaykunata dative wakayman wakaykunaman genitive wakaypa wakaykunap locative wakaypi wakaykunapi terminative wakaykama wakaykunakama ablative wakaymanta wakaykunamanta instrumental wakaywan wakaykunawan comitative wakaynintin wakaykunantin abessive wakayninnaq wakaykunannaq comparative wakayhina wakaykunahina causative wakayrayku wakaykunarayku benefactive wakaypaq wakaykunapaq associative wakaypura wakaykunapura distributive wakayninka wakaykunanka exclusive wakaylla wakaykunalla qampa - second-person singular qampa (your) singular plural nominative wakayki wakaykikuna accusative wakaykita wakaykikunata dative wakaykiman wakaykikunaman genitive wakaykipa wakaykikunap locative wakaykipi wakaykikunapi terminative wakaykikama wakaykikunakama ablative wakaykimanta wakaykikunamanta instrumental wakaykiwan wakaykikunawan comitative wakaykintin wakaykikunantin abessive wakaykinnaq wakaykikunannaq comparative wakaykihina wakaykikunahina causative wakaykirayku wakaykikunarayku benefactive wakaykipaq wakaykikunapaq associative wakaykipura wakaykikunapura distributive wakaykinka wakaykikunanka exclusive wakaykilla wakaykikunalla paypa - third-person singular paypa (his/her/its) singular plural nominative wakan wakankuna accusative wakanta wakankunata dative wakanman wakankunaman genitive wakanpa wakankunap locative wakanpi wakankunapi terminative wakankama wakankunakama ablative wakanmanta wakankunamanta instrumental wakanwan wakankunawan comitative wakanintin wakankunantin abessive wakanninnaq wakankunannaq comparative wakanhina wakankunahina causative wakanrayku wakankunarayku benefactive wakanpaq wakankunapaq associative wakanpura wakankunapura distributive wakaninka wakankunanka exclusive wakanlla wakankunalla ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) singular plural nominative wakanchik wakanchikkuna accusative wakanchikta wakanchikkunata dative wakanchikman wakanchikkunaman genitive wakanchikpa wakanchikkunap locative wakanchikpi wakanchikkunapi terminative wakanchikkama wakanchikkunakama ablative wakanchikmanta wakanchikkunamanta instrumental wakanchikwan wakanchikkunawan comitative wakanchiknintin wakanchikkunantin abessive wakanchikninnaq wakanchikkunannaq comparative wakanchikhina wakanchikkunahina causative wakanchikrayku wakanchikkunarayku benefactive wakanchikpaq wakanchikkunapaq associative wakanchikpura wakanchikkunapura distributive wakanchikninka wakanchikkunanka exclusive wakanchiklla wakanchikkunalla ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural ñuqaykup (our(excl)) singular plural nominative wakayku wakaykukuna accusative wakaykuta wakaykukunata dative wakaykuman wakaykukunaman genitive wakaykupa wakaykukunap locative wakaykupi wakaykukunapi terminative wakaykukama wakaykukunakama ablative wakaykumanta wakaykukunamanta instrumental wakaykuwan wakaykukunawan comitative wakaykuntin wakaykukunantin abessive wakaykunnaq wakaykukunannaq comparative wakaykuhina wakaykukunahina causative wakaykurayku wakaykukunarayku benefactive wakaykupaq wakaykukunapaq associative wakaykupura wakaykukunapura distributive wakaykunka wakaykukunanka exclusive wakaykulla wakaykukunalla qamkunap - second-person plural qamkunap (your(pl)) singular plural nominative wakaykichik wakaykichikkuna accusative wakaykichikta wakaykichikkunata dative wakaykichikman wakaykichikkunaman genitive wakaykichikpa wakaykichikkunap locative wakaykichikpi wakaykichikkunapi terminative wakaykichikkama wakaykichikkunakama ablative wakaykichikmanta wakaykichikkunamanta instrumental wakaykichikwan wakaykichikkunawan comitative wakaykichiknintin wakaykichikkunantin abessive wakaykichikninnaq wakaykichikkunannaq comparative wakaykichikhina wakaykichikkunahina causative wakaykichikrayku wakaykichikkunarayku benefactive wakaykichikpaq wakaykichikkunapaq associative wakaykichikpura wakaykichikkunapura distributive wakaykichikninka wakaykichikkunanka exclusive wakaykichiklla wakaykichikkunalla paykunap - third-person plural paykunap (their) singular plural nominative wakanku wakankukuna accusative wakankuta wakankukunata dative wakankuman wakankukunaman genitive wakankupa wakankukunap locative wakankupi wakankukunapi terminative wakankukama wakankukunakama ablative wakankumanta wakankukunamanta instrumental wakankuwan wakankukunawan comitative wakankuntin wakankukunantin abessive wakankunnaq wakankukunannaq comparative wakankuhina wakankukunahina causative wakankurayku wakankukunarayku benefactive wakankupaq wakankukunapaq associative wakankupura wakankukunapura distributive wakankunka wakankukunanka exclusive wakankulla wakankukunalla

Remontado Agta

Noun

waká

1. rattan

Swahili

Etymology

From *-wala +‎ -ka (stative).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-waka (infinitive kuwaka)

1. to burn, be in flames
2. to shine

Conjugation

Conjugation of -waka
Positive present -nawaka Subjunctive -wake Negative -waki Imperative singular waka
Infinitives
Positive kuwaka Negative kutowaka
Imperatives
Singular waka Plural wakeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huwaka Positive past positive subject concord + -liwaka Negative past negative subject concord + -kuwaka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nawaka) Singular Plural 1st person ninawaka/nawaka tunawaka 2nd person unawaka mnawaka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anawaka wanawaka other classes positive subject concord + -nawaka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -waki) Singular Plural 1st person siwaki hatuwaki 2nd person huwaki hamuwaki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hawaki hawawaki other classes negative subject concord + -waki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tawaka Negative future negative subject concord + -tawaka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -wake) Singular Plural 1st person niwake tuwake 2nd person uwake muwake 3rd person m-wa(I/II) awake wawake other classes positive subject concord + -wake
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siwake Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngewaka Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singewaka Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliwaka Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliwaka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -awaka) Singular Plural 1st person nawaka twawaka 2nd person wawaka mwawaka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) awaka wawaka m-mi(III/IV) wawaka yawaka ji-ma(V/VI) lawaka yawaka ki-vi(VII/VIII) chawaka vyawaka n(IX/X) yawaka zawaka u(XI) wawaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwawaka pa(XVI) pawaka mu(XVIII) mwawaka
Perfect positive subject concord + -mewaka "Already" positive subject concord + -meshawaka "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jawaka "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiwaka "If not" positive subject concord + -sipowaka Consecutive kawaka / positive subject concord + -kawaka Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kawake
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niwaka -tuwaka 2nd person -kuwaka -wawaka/-kuwakeni/-wawakeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -muwaka -wawaka m-mi(III/IV) -uwaka -iwaka ji-ma(V/VI) -liwaka -yawaka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiwaka -viwaka n(IX/X) -iwaka -ziwaka u(XI) -uwaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuwaka pa(XVI) -pawaka mu(XVIII) -muwaka Reflexive -jiwaka
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -waka- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -wakaye -wakao m-mi(III/IV) -wakao -wakayo ji-ma(V/VI) -wakalo -wakayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -wakacho -wakavyo n(IX/X) -wakayo -wakazo u(XI) -wakao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -wakako pa(XVI) -wakapo mu(XVIII) -wakamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -waka) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yewaka -owaka m-mi(III/IV) -owaka -yowaka ji-ma(V/VI) -lowaka -yowaka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chowaka -vyowaka n(IX/X) -yowaka -zowaka u(XI) -owaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kowaka pa(XVI) -powaka mu(XVIII) -mowaka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -washa (“to set something on fire”)

Yanomamö

Noun

waka

1. giant armadillo, Priodontes maximus

References

• Lizot, Jacques (2004) Diccionario enciclopédico de la lengua yãnomãmɨ‎^[3] (in Spanish), Vicariato apostólico de Puerto Ayacucho, →ISBN