yn
ManxEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish in (compare Scottish Gaelic and Irish an).
ArticleEdit
yn
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 in”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old English inn.
NounEdit
yn
- Alternative form of in (“inn”)
Etymology 2Edit
From Old English in.
PrepositionEdit
yn
- Alternative form of in (“in”)
Etymology 3Edit
From Old English inne.
AdverbEdit
yn
- Alternative form of in (“in”)
Middle WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ParticleEdit
yn
- grammatical particle used in conjunction with bot (“to be”) to mark adjectival, nominal, or verbal complements
- grammatical particle used to change an adjective into an adverb
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.
PrepositionEdit
yn
Etymology 3Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative formsEdit
DeterminerEdit
yn
DescendantsEdit
- Welsh: ein
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Specialized use of yn (“in”). The lack of nasal mutation probably stems from a lost article or possessive pronoun qualifying the verbal noun.
Alternative formsEdit
- ’n (used after a vowel)
ParticleEdit
yn
- grammatical particle used in conjunction with bod (“to be”) to mark adjectival, nominal, or verbal predicate complements
- Mae Tom yn darllen.
- Tom is reading.
- Mae Tom yn gysglyd.
- Tom is sleepy.
- Mae Tom yn fachgen.
- Tom is a boy.
- grammatical particle used to change an adjective into an adverb
- yn dda ― well
- yn fawr ― greatly
- yn wir ― truly
Usage notesEdit
- This particle triggers soft mutation, except for on words beginning with ⟨rh⟩ and ⟨ll⟩, of anything substantival, namely nouns, adjectives, numerals and verbal nouns used substantivally.
- It triggers no mutation on anything verbal, which in practice means verbal nouns used verbally.
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Welsh yn, from Old Welsh in, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.
Alternative formsEdit
PrepositionEdit
yn
- in, at (definite nouns)
- Mae hi'n byw yng Nghaerdydd.
- She lives in Cardiff.
- Ydyn ni'n astudio yn y Brifysgol ym Mangor.
- We're studying at the University in Bangor.
- Roedd hi'n bwrw eira ym mis Mawrth.
- It was snowing in March.
- Mae'r llyfr yn (y) Gymraeg.
- The book is in Welsh.
Usage notesEdit
- This particle triggers nasal mutation. Before ⟨p⟩, ⟨b⟩ and sometimes ⟨m⟩, it becomes ym and before ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩, it becomes yng. In certain informal contexts or dialects, it may trigger soft or no mutation at all.
- Yn is used with definite nouns and noun phrases, its indefinite equivalent being mewn.
InflectionEdit
(Literary)
(Colloquial)
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “yn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
West FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Frisian in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.
PrepositionEdit
yn
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “yn”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
YolaEdit
PrepositionEdit
yn
- Alternative form of i (“in”)
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, line 9:
- Yn ercha an aul o' while yt beeth wi gleezom o' core
- In each and every condition it is with joy of heart
ReferencesEdit
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 114