See also: تحم

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Root
و خ م (w-ḵ-m)

From a corruption of the verb اِتَّخَمَ (ittaḵama) or from a resegmentation of تُخْمَة (tuḵma, indigestion).

Verb edit

تَخِمَ (taḵima) I, non-past يَتْخَمُ‎ (yatḵamu)

  1. to suffer indigestion, to be troubled with glut
Conjugation edit

Noun edit

تَخَم (taḵamm

  1. verbal noun of تَخِمَ (taḵima) (form I)
Declension edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

تُخَم (tuḵampl

  1. plural of تُخْمَة (tuḵma)

Etymology 3 edit

From Aramaic תְּחוּמָא (təḥūmā, border, limit).

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

تُخْم or تَخْم (tuḵm or taḵmm (plural تُخُوم (tuḵūm) or تُخُم (tuḵum))

  1. frontier, border, limit, boundary
    • 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 20:106:
      جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَبِ مَا بَيْنَ الْوَادِي إِلَى أَقْصَى الْيَمَنِ إِلَى تُخُومِ الْعِرَاقِ إِلَى الْبَحْرِ‏.‏
      jazīratu l-ʕarabi mā bayna l-wādī ʔilā ʔaqṣā l-yamani ʔilā tuḵūmi l-ʕirāqi ʔilā l-baḥri.
      The island of Arabia lies between Al-Wadi to the extremes of the Yemen extending to the frontiers of Al Iraq and the sea.
Declension edit

Etymology 4 edit

Denominal verb of تُخْم (tuḵm) or from Aramaic תָּחַם (tāḥam), תְּחַם (təḥam, to delimit), which is denominal from תְּחוּם (təḥūm, border, limit).

Verb edit

تَخَمَ (taḵama) I, non-past يَتْخِمُ‎ (yatḵimu)

  1. to delimit
Conjugation edit

References edit

  • tḥwm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • tḥm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 282
  • Freytag, Georg (1830) “تخم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 187
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “تخم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 299
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “تخم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 137

Persian edit

 
Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology edit

From Parthian [Manichaean needed] (twxm /⁠tōxm⁠/, seed, line, race), from Proto-Iranian *táwxma (compare Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬨𐬀𐬥- (taoxman-, seed), from Proto-Indo-European *tewk- (germ, seed, sprout, offspring). Compare Old Armenian տոհմ (tohm), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation edit

 

Readings
Classical reading? tuxm
Dari reading? tuxm
Iranian reading? toxm
Tajik reading? tuxm

Noun edit

Dari تخم
Iranian Persian
Tajik тухм

تخم (toxm)

  1. seed, grain
  2. sperm, semen
  3. ovum, egg
  4. (informal, figurative after “egg”) testicle
  5. (figurative) origin

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

  • Azerbaijani: toxum
  • Ottoman Turkish: تخم (tohum), توخوم (tohum)
  • Bashkir: тоҡом (toqom)
  • Kazakh: тұқым (tūqym)
  • Urdu: تخم (tuxm)
  • Uyghur: تۇخۇم (tuxum, egg)
  • Uzbek: tuxum (egg)

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

From Classical Persian تخم (tuxm, seed; semen; origin).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

تُخْم (tuxmm (Hindi spelling तुख़्म)

  1. seed
  2. sperm, semen
  3. egg
  4. progeny; lineage, descent
  5. (figurative) origin

Derived terms edit

References edit

  • تخم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “تخم”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “تخم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • تخم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.