ثانية

See also: ثانيه, ثانیه, and ثانیہ

Arabic

Etymology

Root
ث ن ي (ṯ-n-y)

Compare ثَنَى (ṯanā, “to double, to fold, to bend”), اِثْنَان (iṯnān, “two”).

The terms دَقِيقة (daqīqa, “minute”) and ثانِية (ṯāniya, “second”) are literally equivalent to Medieval Latin minūta and secunda, which is obviously not coincidental. The exact history of these terms is complicated, but the Arabo-Islamic influence is usually considered greater. Al-Biruni is credited with first having used the measures in the modern sense based on the Ancient Greek division of the circle.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /θaː.ni.ja/
Audio: (file)
- (Kuwaiti) IPA^(key): /ˈθɑːnjə/

Noun

ثَانِيَة • (ṯāniya) f (plural ثَوَانٍ (ṯawānin))

second (unit of time)
- a. 905, Al-Yaʿqūbiyy, edited by Abd al-Amīr Muhannā, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, 1st edition, volume 1, Beirut, Lebanon: شركة الأعلمي للمطبوعات, published 2010, pages 180–181:
  إِنَّ مَسِيرَ الشَّمْسِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ يَكُونُ تِسْعًا وَخَمْسِينَ دَقِيقَةً، وَمَسِيرُ أَوْجِ الْقَمَرِ سَبْعُ دَقَائِقَ، وَمَسِيرُ رَأْسِ التِّنِّينِ، وَهُوَ الْجَوْزَهَرُ، ثَلَاثُ دَقَائِقَ، وَمَسِيرُ زُحَلَ دَقِيقَتَانِ، وَمَسِيرُ الْمُشْتَرِي خَمْسُ دَقَائِقَ، وَمَسِيرُ الْمِرِّيخِ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثُونَ دَقِيقَةً، وَمَسِيرُ الزُّهَرَةِ دَرَجَةٌ وَسِتٌّ وَثَلَاثُونَ دَقِيقَةً، وَمَسِيرُ عُطَارِدٍ أَرْبَعُ دَرَجٍ وَخَمْسُ دَقَائِقَ، وَمَسِيرُ قَلْبِ الْأَسَدِ سِتُّ ثَوانٍ.
  ʔinna masīra š-šamsi fī kulli yawmin yakūnu tisʕan waḵamsīna daqīqatan, wamasīru ʔawji l-qamari sabʕu daqāʔiqa, wamasīru raʔsi t-tinnīni, wahuwa l-jawzaharu, ṯalāṯu daqāʔiqa, wamasīru zuḥala daqīqatāni, wamasīru l-muštarī ḵamsu daqāʔiqa, wamasīru l-mirrīḵi ʔiḥdā waṯalāṯūna daqīqatan, wamasīru z-zuharati darajatun wasittun waṯalāṯūna daqīqatan, wamasīru ʕuṭāridin ʔarbaʕu darajin waḵamsu daqāʔiqa, wamasīru qalbi l-ʔasadi sittu ṯawānin.
  The path [movement] of the Sun every day is 59 minutes, the path of the Moon’s apogee is 7 minutes, and the path of the Dragon’s Head, which is Jauzahar, is 3 minutes. The path of Saturn is 2 minutes, the path of Jupiter is 5 minutes, the path of Mars is 31 minutes, and the path of Venus is 36 minutes. The path of Mercury is 4 degrees and 5 minutes, and the path of Leo’s heart is 6 seconds.

Declension

Declension of noun ثَانِيَة (ṯāniya)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ثَانِيَة ṯāniya	الثَّانِيَة aṯ-ṯāniya	ثَانِيَة ṯāniyat
Nominative	ثَانِيَةٌ ṯāniyatun	الثَّانِيَةُ aṯ-ṯāniyatu	ثَانِيَةُ ṯāniyatu
Accusative	ثَانِيَةً ṯāniyatan	الثَّانِيَةَ aṯ-ṯāniyata	ثَانِيَةَ ṯāniyata
Genitive	ثَانِيَةٍ ṯāniyatin	الثَّانِيَةِ aṯ-ṯāniyati	ثَانِيَةِ ṯāniyati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ثَانِيَتَيْن ṯāniyatayn	الثَّانِيَتَيْن aṯ-ṯāniyatayn	ثَانِيَتَيْ ṯāniyatay
Nominative	ثَانِيَتَانِ ṯāniyatāni	الثَّانِيَتَانِ aṯ-ṯāniyatāni	ثَانِيَتَا ṯāniyatā
Accusative	ثَانِيَتَيْنِ ṯāniyatayni	الثَّانِيَتَيْنِ aṯ-ṯāniyatayni	ثَانِيَتَيْ ṯāniyatay
Genitive	ثَانِيَتَيْنِ ṯāniyatayni	الثَّانِيَتَيْنِ aṯ-ṯāniyatayni	ثَانِيَتَيْ ṯāniyatay
Plural	broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ثَوَانِي ṯawānī	الثَّوَانِي aṯ-ṯawānī	ثَوَانِي ṯawānī
Nominative	ثَوَانٍ ṯawānin	الثَّوَانِي aṯ-ṯawānī	ثَوَانِي ṯawānī
Accusative	ثَوَانِيَ ṯawāniya	الثَّوَانِيَ aṯ-ṯawāniya	ثَوَانِيَ ṯawāniya
Genitive	ثَوَانٍ ṯawānin	الثَّوَانِي aṯ-ṯawānī	ثَوَانِي ṯawānī

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: saniyə
→ Ottoman Turkish: ثانیه (saniye)
- Turkish: saniye
  - → Laz: სანიჲე (saniye)
→ Pashto: ثانيه
→ Persian: ثانیه (sâniye)
- → Hindustani:
  Hindi: सानिया (sāniyā)
  Urdu: ثانیہ (sāniyā)
→ Uzbek: soniya