دم

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /dam.ma/

Verb edit

دَمَّ • (damma) I, non-past يَدُمُّ‎ (yadummu)

to coat, to smear
to paint, to daub, to dye, to tint

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

دَمَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun دَمّ)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					دَمّ damm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					دَامّ dāmm
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَدْمُوم madmūm
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَمَمْتُ damamtu	دَمَمْتَ damamta	دَمَّ damma	دَمَمْتُمَا damamtumā	دَمَّا dammā	دَمَمْنَا damamnā	دَمَمْتُمْ damamtum	دَمُّوا dammū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	دَمَمْتُ damamtu	دَمَمْتِ damamti	دَمَّتْ dammat	دَمَمْتُمَا damamtumā	دَمَّتَا dammatā	دَمَمْنَا damamnā	دَمَمْتُنَّ damamtunna	دَمَمْنَ damamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَدُمُّ ʔadummu	تَدُمُّ tadummu	يَدُمُّ yadummu	تَدُمَّانِ tadummāni	يَدُمَّانِ yadummāni	نَدُمُّ nadummu	تَدُمُّونَ tadummūna	يَدُمُّونَ yadummūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَدُمُّ ʔadummu	تَدُمِّينَ tadummīna	تَدُمُّ tadummu	تَدُمَّانِ tadummāni	تَدُمَّانِ tadummāni	نَدُمُّ nadummu	تَدْمُمْنَ tadmumna	يَدْمُمْنَ yadmumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَدُمَّ ʔadumma	تَدُمَّ tadumma	يَدُمَّ yadumma	تَدُمَّا tadummā	يَدُمَّا yadummā	نَدُمَّ nadumma	تَدُمُّوا tadummū	يَدُمُّوا yadummū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَدُمَّ ʔadumma	تَدُمِّي tadummī	تَدُمَّ tadumma	تَدُمَّا tadummā	تَدُمَّا tadummā	نَدُمَّ nadumma	تَدْمُمْنَ tadmumna	يَدْمُمْنَ yadmumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَدُمَّ or أَدُمِّ or أَدْمُمْ ʔadumma or ʔadummi or ʔadmum	تَدُمَّ or تَدُمِّ or تَدْمُمْ tadumma or tadummi or tadmum	يَدُمَّ or يَدُمِّ or يَدْمُمْ yadumma or yadummi or yadmum	تَدُمَّا tadummā	يَدُمَّا yadummā	نَدُمَّ or نَدُمِّ or نَدْمُمْ nadumma or nadummi or nadmum	تَدُمُّوا tadummū	يَدُمُّوا yadummū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَدُمِّي tadummī	تَدُمَّ or تَدُمِّ or تَدْمُمْ tadumma or tadummi or tadmum	تَدُمَّا tadummā	تَدُمَّا tadummā		تَدْمُمْنَ tadmumna	يَدْمُمْنَ yadmumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		دُمَّ or دُمِّ or اُدْمُمْ dumma or dummi or udmum		دُمَّا dummā			دُمُّوا dummū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		دُمِّي dummī		دُمَّا dummā			اُدْمُمْنَ udmumna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دُمِمْتُ dumimtu	دُمِمْتَ dumimta	دُمَّ dumma	دُمِمْتُمَا dumimtumā	دُمَّا dummā	دُمِمْنَا dumimnā	دُمِمْتُمْ dumimtum	دُمُّوا dummū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	دُمِمْتُ dumimtu	دُمِمْتِ dumimti	دُمَّتْ dummat	دُمِمْتُمَا dumimtumā	دُمَّتَا dummatā	دُمِمْنَا dumimnā	دُمِمْتُنَّ dumimtunna	دُمِمْنَ dumimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَمُّ ʔudammu	تُدَمُّ tudammu	يُدَمُّ yudammu	تُدَمَّانِ tudammāni	يُدَمَّانِ yudammāni	نُدَمُّ nudammu	تُدَمُّونَ tudammūna	يُدَمُّونَ yudammūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُدَمُّ ʔudammu	تُدَمِّينَ tudammīna	تُدَمُّ tudammu	تُدَمَّانِ tudammāni	تُدَمَّانِ tudammāni	نُدَمُّ nudammu	تُدْمَمْنَ tudmamna	يُدْمَمْنَ yudmamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَمَّ ʔudamma	تُدَمَّ tudamma	يُدَمَّ yudamma	تُدَمَّا tudammā	يُدَمَّا yudammā	نُدَمَّ nudamma	تُدَمُّوا tudammū	يُدَمُّوا yudammū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُدَمَّ ʔudamma	تُدَمِّي tudammī	تُدَمَّ tudamma	تُدَمَّا tudammā	تُدَمَّا tudammā	نُدَمَّ nudamma	تُدْمَمْنَ tudmamna	يُدْمَمْنَ yudmamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَمَّ or أُدَمِّ or أُدْمَمْ ʔudamma or ʔudammi or ʔudmam	تُدَمَّ or تُدَمِّ or تُدْمَمْ tudamma or tudammi or tudmam	يُدَمَّ or يُدَمِّ or يُدْمَمْ yudamma or yudammi or yudmam	تُدَمَّا tudammā	يُدَمَّا yudammā	نُدَمَّ or نُدَمِّ or نُدْمَمْ nudamma or nudammi or nudmam	تُدَمُّوا tudammū	يُدَمُّوا yudammū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُدَمِّي tudammī	تُدَمَّ or تُدَمِّ or تُدْمَمْ tudamma or tudammi or tudmam	تُدَمَّا tudammā	تُدَمَّا tudammā		تُدْمَمْنَ tudmamna	يُدْمَمْنَ yudmamna

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /damm/

Noun edit

دَمّ • (damm) m

verbal noun of دَمَّ (damma) (form I)
ointment, salve, unguent, liniment
paint
pigment, dye

Declension edit

Declension of noun دَمّ (damm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَمّ damm	الدَّمّ ad-damm	دَمّ damm
Nominative	دَمٌّ dammun	الدَّمُّ ad-dammu	دَمُّ dammu
Accusative	دَمًّا damman	الدَّمَّ ad-damma	دَمَّ damma
Genitive	دَمٍّ dammin	الدَّمِّ ad-dammi	دَمِّ dammi

Etymology 3 edit

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /dam/

Noun edit

دَم • (dam) m (dual دَمَانِ (damāni) or دَمَيَان (damayān) or دَمَوَانِ (damawāni), plural دِمَاء (dimāʔ))

(uncountable) blood

Declension edit

Declension of noun دَم (dam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَم dam	الدَّم ad-dam	دَم dam
Nominative	دَمٌ damun	الدَّمُ ad-damu	دَمُ damu
Accusative	دَمًا daman	الدَّمَ ad-dama	دَمَ dama
Genitive	دَمٍ damin	الدَّمِ ad-dami	دَمِ dami
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَمَيْن‎; دَمَيَيْن‎; دَمَوَيْن damayn‎; damayayn‎; damawayn	الدَّمَيْن‎; الدَّمَيَيْن‎; الدَّمَوَيْن ad-damayn‎; ad-damayayn‎; ad-damawayn	دَمَيْ‎; دَمَيَيْ‎; دَمَوَيْ damay‎; damayay‎; damaway
Nominative	دَمَانِ‎; دَمَيَانِ‎; دَمَوَانِ damāni‎; damayāni‎; damawāni	الدَّمَانِ‎; الدَّمَيَانِ‎; الدَّمَوَانِ ad-damāni‎; ad-damayāni‎; ad-damawāni	دَمَا‎; دَمَيَا‎; دَمَوَا damā‎; damayā‎; damawā
Accusative	دَمَيْنِ‎; دَمَيَيْنِ‎; دَمَوَيْنِ damayni‎; damayayni‎; damawayni	الدَّمَيْنِ‎; الدَّمَيَيْنِ‎; الدَّمَوَيْنِ ad-damayni‎; ad-damayayni‎; ad-damawayni	دَمَيْ‎; دَمَيَيْ‎; دَمَوَيْ damay‎; damayay‎; damaway
Genitive	دَمَيْنِ‎; دَمَيَيْنِ‎; دَمَوَيْنِ damayni‎; damayayni‎; damawayni	الدَّمَيْنِ‎; الدَّمَيَيْنِ‎; الدَّمَوَيْنِ ad-damayni‎; ad-damayayni‎; ad-damawayni	دَمَيْ‎; دَمَيَيْ‎; دَمَوَيْ damay‎; damayay‎; damaway
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِمَاء dimāʔ	الدِّمَاء ad-dimāʔ	دِمَاء dimāʔ
Nominative	دِمَاءٌ dimāʔun	الدِّمَاءُ ad-dimāʔu	دِمَاءُ dimāʔu
Accusative	دِمَاءً dimāʔan	الدِّمَاءَ ad-dimāʔa	دِمَاءَ dimāʔa
Genitive	دِمَاءٍ dimāʔin	الدِّمَاءِ ad-dimāʔi	دِمَاءِ dimāʔi

Related terms edit

دَمَوِيّ (damawiyy)

Descendants edit

Hijazi Arabic: دَمّ (damm)
Maltese: demm
Moroccan Arabic: دم (damm)
→ Indonesian: dam (“punishment”)
→ Swahili: damu

Etymology 4 edit

Suggested by Hommel as inherited from a Proto-Semitic *dimm- (“wild cat”), but presumably borrowed from Ge'ez ድመት (dəmmat), because this is a Lockwort rare in literary Arabic and appears in the dialects only in northwest Yemen, whereas it overspreads all Ethiopian Semitic as the word for the cat; the compared Akkadian 𒁺𒈠𒈬 (du-ma-mu /⁠dumāmu, tumāmu⁠/, “leopard”) is considered probably a foreign borrowing.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /dimm/

Noun edit

دِمّ • (dimm) m (plural دِمَم (dimam), feminine دِمّة (dimma)) (now only Yemen)

cat; wild cat

Declension edit

Declension of noun دِمّ (dimm)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِمّ dimm	الدِّمّ ad-dimm	دِمّ dimm	دِمَّة dimma	الدِّمَّة ad-dimma	دِمَّة dimmat
Nominative	دِمٌّ dimmun	الدِّمُّ ad-dimmu	دِمُّ dimmu	دِمَّةٌ dimmatun	الدِّمَّةُ ad-dimmatu	دِمَّةُ dimmatu
Accusative	دِمًّا dimman	الدِّمَّ ad-dimma	دِمَّ dimma	دِمَّةً dimmatan	الدِّمَّةَ ad-dimmata	دِمَّةَ dimmata
Genitive	دِمٍّ dimmin	الدِّمِّ ad-dimmi	دِمِّ dimmi	دِمَّةٍ dimmatin	الدِّمَّةِ ad-dimmati	دِمَّةِ dimmati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِمَّيْن dimmayn	الدِّمَّيْن ad-dimmayn	دِمَّيْ dimmay	دِمَّتَيْن dimmatayn	الدِّمَّتَيْن ad-dimmatayn	دِمَّتَيْ dimmatay
Nominative	دِمَّانِ dimmāni	الدِّمَّانِ ad-dimmāni	دِمَّا dimmā	دِمَّتَانِ dimmatāni	الدِّمَّتَانِ ad-dimmatāni	دِمَّتَا dimmatā
Accusative	دِمَّيْنِ dimmayni	الدِّمَّيْنِ ad-dimmayni	دِمَّيْ dimmay	دِمَّتَيْنِ dimmatayni	الدِّمَّتَيْنِ ad-dimmatayni	دِمَّتَيْ dimmatay
Genitive	دِمَّيْنِ dimmayni	الدِّمَّيْنِ ad-dimmayni	دِمَّيْ dimmay	دِمَّتَيْنِ dimmatayni	الدِّمَّتَيْنِ ad-dimmatayni	دِمَّتَيْ dimmatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote			sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِمَم dimam	الدِّمَم ad-dimam	دِمَم dimam	دِمَّات dimmāt	الدِّمَّات ad-dimmāt	دِمَّات dimmāt
Nominative	دِمَمٌ dimamun	الدِّمَمُ ad-dimamu	دِمَمُ dimamu	دِمَّاتٌ dimmātun	الدِّمَّاتُ ad-dimmātu	دِمَّاتُ dimmātu
Accusative	دِمَمًا dimaman	الدِّمَمَ ad-dimama	دِمَمَ dimama	دِمَّاتٍ dimmātin	الدِّمَّاتِ ad-dimmāti	دِمَّاتِ dimmāti
Genitive	دِمَمٍ dimamin	الدِّمَمِ ad-dimami	دِمَمِ dimami	دِمَّاتٍ dimmātin	الدِّمَّاتِ ad-dimmāti	دِمَّاتِ dimmāti

References edit

Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2005) Arabische Dialektgeographie. Eine Einführung (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 78) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 200
Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2010) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band I: Mensch, Natur, Fauna und Flora (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 326–329
Hommel, Fritz (1879) Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen‎^[1] (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, pages 318–319
Landsberger, Benno (1931) “Lexikalisches Archiv”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎^[2] (in German), volume 40, page 296 / Nr. 2
Landsberger, Benno (1934) Die Fauna des alten Mesopotamien nach der 14. Tafel der Serie ḪAR-RA = ḫubullu (Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Klasse der sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; XLII. Nr. VI)‎^[3] (in German), Leipzig: Salomon Hirzel, pages 83–84
Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[4] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 58
Soden, Wolfram von (1933) “Der hymnisch-epische Dialekt des Akkadischen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎^[5] (in German), volume 41, page 168 / Fn. 4

Etymology 5 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /dum/

Verb edit

دُمْ • (dum) (form I)

second-person masculine singular imperative active of دَامَ (dāma)
second-person masculine singular active imperative of دَامَ (dāma)

Hijazi Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /damm/

Noun edit

دَمّ • (damm) m (dual دَمّين (dammēn), plural دُمَّان (dummān))

blood

Laki edit

Noun edit

دم (dim)

(anatomy) mouth

Malay edit

Noun edit

دم (plural دم-دم or دم۲, informal 1st possessive دمکو, 2nd possessive دممو, 3rd possessive دمڽ)

Jawi spelling of dam

Moroccan Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /damm/
Audio: (file)

Noun edit

دم • (damm) m (plural دمايات (dmāyāt))

blood
غلى فيه الدم. ― ḡlā fīh ed-damm. ― He got very angry. (literally, “The blood boiled inside of him.”)

كان كله دمايات. ― kān kullu dmāyāt. ― He was covered in blood.

Persian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Spoken form of (donb); see there for etymology.

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [dum]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ʊm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪ʊm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪um]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪om]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪um]

Readings
Classical reading^?	dum
Dari reading^?	dum
Iranian reading^?	dom
Tajik reading^?	dum

Noun edit


Iranian Persian	دم
Dari	دم
Tajik	дум

دم • (dom)

tail

Derived terms edit

کژدم (každom)
بی‌دم (bi-dom)
دمی (domi)
دم اسبی (dom-e asbi)

Descendants edit

→ Azerbaijani: düm
→ Lezgi: ттум (t̄um)

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dam), from Proto-Iranian *damH (“to blow, breathe; to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH- (“to blow”);^[1]^[2] compare Sanskrit धमति (dhámati, “to blow”), Lithuanian dùmti (“to blow”), Polish dąć (“to blow”), English damp.

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [dam]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	dam
Dari reading^?	dam
Iranian reading^?	dam
Tajik reading^?	dam

Noun edit


Iranian Persian	دم
Dari	دم
Tajik	дам

دم • (dam)

breath
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3126:
  چون که من من نیستم این دم ز هوست / پیش این دم هر که دم زد کافر اوست
  čôn ki man man nîstam ên dam za hû-st / pêš-i-ên dam har ki dam zad kâfir û-st
  Since I am not I, this breath (of mine) is from Him: in the presence of this breath if any one breathes (a word) he is an infidel.”
steam
moment

Related terms edit

دمیدن (damidan)

Descendants edit

→ Armenian: դամ (dam)
→ Bengali: দম (dom)
→ Azerbaijani: dəm
→ Kazakh: дем (dem)
→ Ottoman Turkish: دم (dem)
- Turkish: dem
→ Hindi: दम (dam)
→ Urdu: دم (dam)

Etymology 3 edit

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos.

Noun edit

دم • (dam)

edge
blade

Etymology 4 edit

From Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [dam]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	dam
Dari reading^?	dam
Iranian reading^?	dam
Tajik reading^?	dam

Noun edit

دم • (dam)

(obsolete) blood
Synonym: خون (xun)

References edit

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 55-56
^ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 97

South Levantine Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /damm/, [dam]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun edit

دمّ • (damm) m

blood

Derived terms edit

تقيل الدمّ (tʔīl id-damm, “unpleasant, disagreeable, irritating”)

Urdu edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit दम (dama).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əm/

Noun edit

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dam).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əm/

Noun edit

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)

Etymology 3 edit

From Sanskrit दम्भ (dambha). Cognate with Persian (dam).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əm/

Noun edit

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)

Etymology 4 edit

Borrowed from Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əm/

Noun edit

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)

blood

Etymology 5 edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dum).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊm/

Noun edit

دم • (dum) f (Hindi spelling दुम)

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 55-56

[2] Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 97

[1]

[2]