روغن

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رَوْغَن (rawğan).

Noun

روغن • (revgan or rugan)

1. oil, grease, ointment, pomade, any greasy substance

   Synonym: یاغ (yağ)

2. butter, a fatty foodstuff made by churning the cream of milk

   Synonym: یاغ (yağ)

3. varnish, a paint with a solvent that evaporates to leave a film

   Synonym: ورنیك (vernik)

Derived terms

• روغن آردیج (rugan-ı ardıç, “juniper oil”)
• روغن ساده (rugan sade, “melted butter”)
• روغن سورمك (rugan sürmek, “to apply varnish”)
• روغن نفت (rugan-ı neft, “turpentine”)
• روغنفروش (ruganfuruş, “seller of oil or butter”)
• روغنلاتمق (ruganlatmak, “to make or let be varnished”)
• روغنلامق (ruganlamak, “to varnish”)
• روغنلو (ruganlı, “varnished”)
• روغنی (rugani, “oily, syrupy”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: rugan

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “rugan”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3979
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “روغن”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 251b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “روغن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 632
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Oleum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1199
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “روغن”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2386
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “rugan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “روغن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 994

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwkn' /⁠rōγn⁠/, “oil; butter”), from Proto-Iranian *ráwgnah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwgʰnas, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *réwgʰ-no-s (“cream”), from *rewgʰ- +‎ *-nos, from *rew- (“to tear, dig, churn”). Cognate with Mazanderani راغون (rağun, “oil”), Central Kurdish ڕۆن (ron, “oil”), Shughni рӯған (rūɣan, “butter, grease”), Pashto روغن (roğán), Zazaki ruwen.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾaw.ɣan], [ ɾoː.ɣan]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [roː.ɣän]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [roː.ɣän]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [roː.ɣän]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rʊː.ɣän]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹow.ɢæn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾäw.ʁän]

Readings
Classical reading?	rawğan, rōğan
Dari reading?	rōğan
Iranian reading?	rowğan
Tajik reading?	ravġan

Noun

Dari	روغن, تیل
Iranian Persian	روغن
Tajik	равған

روغن • (rowğan or rôğan) (plural روغن‌ها (rowğan-hâ))

1. oil (liquid fat); (of mammals) butter; ghee

   روغن آرگان ― rowğan-e ârgân ― argan oil

   روغن زیتون ― rowğan-e zeytun ― olive oil

   روغن نخل ― rowğan-e naxl ― palm oil

   روغن گاو ― rowğan-e gâv ― clarified butter (literally, “cow oil”)

Derived terms

• روغن دار (rowğan dâr, “oil-containing”)
• روغن دان (rowğan dân, “oil container”)
• روغن ریخته جمع نمیشود (rowğan-e rixte jam' ne-mi-šavad, “No use crying over spilled milk”, literally “Spilled oil can't be collected”)
• روغن زن (rowğan zan, “oil press machine”)
• روغن فروش (rowğan foruš, “oil seller”)
• روغنی (rowğani, “oily”)
• مرغ روغن (morğ-e rowğan, “oilbird”)

 

Descendants

• Dari: روغَن (rōğan)
• Iranian Persian: رَوغَن (rowğan)
• Tajik: равған (ravġan)
• → Gujarati: રોગાન (rogān)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: रौग़न (rauġan)

  Urdu: رَوغَن (rauġan)

• → Ottoman Turkish: روغن (revgan, rugan)
  • Turkish: rugan

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “روغن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “rōγn”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رَوْغَن (rawğan).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾɔː.ɣən/, /ɾoː.ɣən/

Noun

رَوغَن • (rauġan) m (Hindi spelling रौग़न)

1. oil (liquid fat)
2. butter; ghee
3. the oily or fatty gravy of stew
4. varnish, polish; sleekness, glossiness

Derived terms

• رَوغنِی (rauġnī, “oily”)
• رَوغَنِ اَرَنْڈ (rauġan-i aranḍ, “castor oil”)
• رَوغَنِ زَرْد (rauġan-i zard, “ghee”)
• رَوغَنِ زَیتُون (rauġan-i zaitūn, “olive oil”)
• رَوغَنِ نارِیَل (rauġan-i nāriyal, “coconut oil”)
• رَوغَنی روٹی (rauġanī roṭī, “buttered roti”)
• رَوغَنی نان (rauġanī nān, “buttered naan”)

 

References

• “روغن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “روغن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• “روغن”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “روغن”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• Platts, John Thompson (1884) “روغن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →ISBN, →OCLC