ظرف

See also: طرق and طرف

Arabic

Root
ظ ر ف (ẓ-r-f)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤarf/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ظَرْف • (ẓarf) m (plural ظُرُوف (ẓurūf))

1. vessel, container, receptacle
2. metal saucer
3. box, pasteboard box, purse, bag
4. egg cup
5. envelope (for a letter)
6. case
7. cover
8. (grammar) adverb, adverbial expression denoting place or time

   Hyponyms: ظَرْف زَمَان (ẓarf zamān), ظَرْف مَكَان (ẓarf makān)

9. circumstance, condition
10. wit, sagacity
11. gracefulness, elegance, culture

Declension

Declension of noun ظَرْف (ẓarf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظَرْف ẓarf	الظَّرْف aẓ-ẓarf	ظَرْف ẓarf
Nominative	ظَرْفٌ ẓarfun	الظَّرْفُ aẓ-ẓarfu	ظَرْفُ ẓarfu
Accusative	ظَرْفًا ẓarfan	الظَّرْفَ aẓ-ẓarfa	ظَرْفَ ẓarfa
Genitive	ظَرْفٍ ẓarfin	الظَّرْفِ aẓ-ẓarfi	ظَرْفِ ẓarfi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظَرْفَيْن ẓarfayn	الظَّرْفَيْن aẓ-ẓarfayn	ظَرْفَيْ ẓarfay
Nominative	ظَرْفَانِ ẓarfāni	الظَّرْفَانِ aẓ-ẓarfāni	ظَرْفَا ẓarfā
Accusative	ظَرْفَيْنِ ẓarfayni	الظَّرْفَيْنِ aẓ-ẓarfayni	ظَرْفَيْ ẓarfay
Genitive	ظَرْفَيْنِ ẓarfayni	الظَّرْفَيْنِ aẓ-ẓarfayni	ظَرْفَيْ ẓarfay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظُرُوف ẓurūf	الظُّرُوف aẓ-ẓurūf	ظُرُوف ẓurūf
Nominative	ظُرُوفٌ ẓurūfun	الظُّرُوفُ aẓ-ẓurūfu	ظُرُوفُ ẓurūfu
Accusative	ظُرُوفًا ẓurūfan	الظُّرُوفَ aẓ-ẓurūfa	ظُرُوفَ ẓurūfa
Genitive	ظُرُوفٍ ẓurūfin	الظُّرُوفِ aẓ-ẓurūfi	ظُرُوفِ ẓurūfi

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: ظرف (ḏ̣arf)
• Hijazi Arabic: ظرف (ẓarf)
• → Afar: dárfi
• → Albanian: zarf
• → English: zarf
• → Ottoman Turkish: ظرف
• → Persian: ظرف
  • → Azerbaijani: zərf
• → Serbo-Croatian: zȁrf
• → Turkish: zarf

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ظرف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ظرف”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Azerbaijani

Noun

ظرف

1. Arabic spelling of zərf (“adverb”)

Declension

Declension of ظرف

	singular	plural
nominative	ظرف	ظرفلر
definite accusative	ظرفی	ظرفلری
dative	ظرفه	ظرفلره
locative	ظرفده	ظرفلرده
ablative	ظرفدن	ظرفلردن
definite genitive	ظرفین	ظرفلرین

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ظ ر ف
1 term

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَرْف (ẓarf).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zˤarf/, /ðˤarf/

Noun

ظَرف • (ẓarf) m (plural ظُروف (ẓurūf))

1. envelope
2. case
3. condition

Persian

FWOTD – 20 July 2022

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ظَرْف (ẓarf).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ðaɾf]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäɾf]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäɾf]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zäɾf]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zäɾf]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zæɹf]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zäɾf]

Readings
Classical reading?	ḏarf
Dari reading?	zarf
Iranian reading?	zarf
Tajik reading?	zarf

Noun

Dari	ظرف
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зарф

ظرف • (zarf) (plural ظروف (zoruf) or ظرف‌ها (zarf-hâ))

1. dish, vessel, container

   Synonym: بشقاب (bošqâb)

   ظرف‌هارا پاک کن ― zarf-hā-rā pāk kun ― clean the dishes (Dari, very formal)

   • 2017, “عکس‌خبر؛ رکورد گران‌ترین ظرف چینی شکسته شد”, in BBC Persian‎^[3]:

     رکورد گران‌ترین ظرف چینی شکسته شد

     rekord-e gerân-tarin zarf-e čini šekaste šod

     the record for the most expensive porcelain dish has been broken

2. (figurative) ability, capacity
3. (figurative) patience, forbearance
4. (grammar) adverb

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: zərf

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /zə.ɾəf/
• Rhymes: -əf

Noun

ظَرَف • (zaraf) ? (Hindi spelling ज़रफ़)

1. dish, vessel, container

   Synonym: برتن (bartan)