گل

See also: كل, کل, and گُل

Bakhtiari

Alternative forms

• یل (yel), ل (el)

Etymology

Cognate with Southern Kurdish گل (gil), Southwestern Fars گل, Persian گله.

Suffix

گل (gel)

1. A suffix forming the plural of an animate noun.

   کرگل مین هونه بین

   korgel meīne howne bīn

   The boys were in the house

Khalaj

Noun

گُل (gul) (definite accusative گُلوُ, plural گُللار)

1. Arabic spelling of gul (“flower”)

Declension

Declension of گل

	singular	plural
nominative	گل	گللار
genitive	گلؽݧ	گللارؽݧ
dative	گلقا	گللارقا
definite accusative	گلؽ	گللارؽ
locative	گلچا	گللارچا
ablative	گلدا	گللاردا
instrumental	گللا	گللارلا
equative	گلوارا	گللاروارا

Laki

Noun

گل (gil)

1. flower

Mazanderani

Etymology 1

Cognate to Classical Persian گرزه (garza, “rat”).

Noun

گل (gal)

1. mouse

Etymology 2

From Persian گل (gol). Displaced native Old Mazanderani ول (*vel).

Noun

گل (gël)

1. flower

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• كل

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul), from late Middle Persian gwl (gul), from Old Persian *vr̥dah.

Noun

گل • (gül)

1. rose

Derived terms

• گلگون (gülgün)
• كلكلی (gülgüli)

Descendants

• Turkish: gül
• → Armenian: կիւլ (kiwl), գյուլ (gyul)
• → Laz: გჲული (gyuli), ჯული (culi)
• → Macedonian: ѓул (ǵul)
• → Romanian: ghiul
• → Serbo-Croatian: ђул／đul
• → Albanian: gjylë

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1032
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1559

Persian

FWOTD – 4 August 2019

Etymology 1

گل

From late Middle Persian gwl (gul, “rose, flower”), from Old Persian *vr̥dah.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡul]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡul̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥ol̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡul]

Readings
Classical reading?	gul
Dari reading?	gul
Iranian reading?	gol
Tajik reading?	gul

Noun

Dari	گُل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	гул

گل • (gol) (plural گُل‌ها)

1. (archaic, literary) rose
   • 940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh

     زن شیر از آن نامه شهریار
     چو رخشنده گل شد به وقت بهار

     zan-i šêr az ân nâma-i šahryâr
     ču raxšanda-gul šud ba vaqt-i bahâr

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 1325–1389, Hafez, Divan

     صبحدم مرغ سحر با گل نوخاسته گفت
     ناز کم کن که در این باغ بسی چون تو شکفت

     classical persian: subhdam murğ-i sahar bâ gul-i naw-xâsta guft
     nâz kam kun ki dar în bâğ basê čun tu šikuft
     modern persian: subhdam morğ-e sahar bâ gol-e now-xâste goft
     nâz kam kon keh dar in bâğ basi čon to šekoft

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. flower
3. the core of a watermelon (which is the sweetest part)

Synonyms

• (rose): گل سرخ (gol-e sorx), رز (roz)

Derived terms

• ترگل (targol)
• نارگل (nârgol)
• نازگل (nâzgol)
• گل سرخ (gol-e sorx)
• گل و بلبل (gol-o-bolbol)
• گل کلم (gol-e kalam)
• گلاب (golâb)
• گلبرگ (golbarg)
• گلدان (goldân)
• گلزار (golzâr)
• گلستان (golestân)
• گلشن (golšan)
• گلپر (golpar)
• گلچه (golče)
• گلگون (gol-gun)
• گل‌کاری (gol-kâri)
• گل‌گلی (gol-goli)

 

Descendants

• → Arabic: جُلّ (jull)
• → Mandaic: ࡂࡅࡋ
• → Azerbaijani: gül
• → Bashkir: гөл (göl)
• → Bengali: গুল (gul)
• → Gujarati: ગુલ (gul)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: गुल (gul)
  • Urdu: گل (gul)
• → Kashmiri: गुल (gul)
• → Kazakh: гүл (gül)
• → Khalaj: gul
• → Kyrgyz: гүл (gül)
• → Ottoman Turkish: گل (gül), كل
  • Turkish: gül
  • → Armenian: կիւլ (kiwl), գյուլ (gyul)
  • → Laz: გჲული (gyuli), ჯული (culi)
  • → Macedonian: ѓул (ǵul)
  • → Romanian: ghiul
  • → Serbo-Croatian: ђул／đul
  • → Albanian: gjylë
• → Pashto: ګل (gul)
• → Punjabi: ਗੁਲ (gul) / گل (gul)
• → Sindhi: گل (gulu)
• → Turkmen: gül
• → Uyghur: گۈل (gül)
• → Uzbek: gul

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian TYNA / gl (gil).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡil]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡɪl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡil̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲel̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡil]

Readings
Classical reading?	gil
Dari reading?	gil
Iranian reading?	gel
Tajik reading?	gil

Noun

Dari	گل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	гил

گل • (gel) (plural گل‌ها (gel-hâ))

1. clay
2. silt
3. mud
4. lair

Derived terms

• کاه‌گل (kâh-gel)
• کاه‌گلی (kâh-geli)
• گل لگد کردن (gel lagad kardan)
• گل و لای (gel-o-lây)
• گلی (geli)
• گل‌آلود (gel-âlud)
• گل‌مالی (gel-mâli)

 

Descendants

• → Gujarati: ગિલ (gil)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gil”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English goal.

Pronunciation

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥ol̥]

Readings
Iranian reading?	gol

Noun

Dari	گول
Iranian Persian	گل
Tajik	гол

گل • (gol) (plural گل‌ها (gol-hâ))

1. (chiefly Iran, sports, soccer) goal

Derived terms

• پرگل (por-gol)
• گل خوردن (gol xordan)
• گل زدن (gol zadan)
• گل کوچیک (gol kučik)
• گل‌زن (gol-zan)
• گل‌نزن (gol-nazan)

 

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡul̥]

Readings
Dari reading?	gul

Adjective

گل • (gul) (Dari)

1. (dialectal, especially Hazaragi, Kabuli) off, disabled

Derived terms

• گل کردن (gul kardan, “to turn off”)

Punjabi

Etymology 1

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀕𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (gilla), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*grilla).

Proper noun

گِلّ • (gill) m or f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਿੱਲ)

1. a Punjabi surname, Gill

Etymology 2

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀕𑀮𑀳𑀸 (galahā) (Kalsi), from Sanskrit गर्हा (garhā).

Noun

گَلّ • (gall) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗੱਲ)

1. saying

Further reading

More information

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “گل”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
• “ਗਿੱਲ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
• “ਗੱਲ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*grilla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 235
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “garhā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 218

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡʊlʊ]

Noun

گُلُ • (gulu) m (Devanagari गुलु)

1. flower
2. tree
3. plant

References

• Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “گُلُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Ḥaidarābād, Sindhu: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

Urdu

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit गल (gala).

Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)

1. throat
2. neck
3. hook

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit गल् (gal).

Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)

1. speech
2. word
3. saying
4. affair

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gil).

Noun

گل • (gil) f (Hindi spelling गिल)

1. earth, mud, silt, clay
2. bole

Etymology 4

Etymology tree

Proto-Iranian *wardah

Old Persian *vr̥dah

Middle Persian gwl

Classical Persian گُل (gul)

bor.

Urdu گُل (gul)

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul).

Noun

گُل • (gul) m (Hindi spelling गुल)

1. flower

   باغوں میں گُل کِھلے ہَیں۔

   bāġõ mẽ gul khile ha͠i.

   Flowers have bloomed in the gardens.

2. rose

   گُلِ گُلْزار ― gul-i gulzār ― Rose from the flowerbed

Declension

Declension of گل
	singular	plural
direct	گل (gul)	گل (gul)
oblique	گل (gul)	گلوں (gulō̃)
vocative	گل (gul)	گلو (gulō)

Derived terms

• گلبدن (gulbadan, “having a rosy body”)
• گلدان (guldān, “flowerpot; vase”)
• گلدستہ (guldastā, “bouquet”)
• گلگون (gulgūn, “rose-colored; pink”)

References

• Platts, John T. (1884) “گل”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.