ऋतु

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ऋतु

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Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtú). Doublet of रुत (rut), a tadbhava.

ऋतु • (ŕtu) f (Urdu spelling رتو)

Declension of ऋतु (fem u-stem)

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ऋतु”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Platts, John T. (1884) “ऋतु”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Alternative scripts

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥túš (“fixed period of time, season”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tú-s, from *h₂er- (“to fit, fix”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (ratu, “period of time”), Ancient Greek ἀρτύς (artús, “bond”), Old Armenian արդ (ard), Latin artus (“joint”).

ऋतु • (ṛtú) stem, m

any settled point of time, fixed time, time appointed for any action (especially for sacrifices and other regular worship), right or fit time
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
an epoch, period (especially a division or part of the year), season
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.53.7:
  आगन्देव ऋतुभिर्वर्धतु क्षयं दधातु नः सविता सुप्रजामिषम् ।
  स नः क्षपाभिरहभिश्च जिन्वतु प्रजावन्तं रयिमस्मे समिन्वतु ॥
  āgandeva ṛtubhirvardhatu kṣayaṃ dadhātu naḥ savitā suprajāmiṣam.
  sa naḥ kṣapābhirahabhiśca jinvatu prajāvantaṃ rayimasme saminvatu.
  With the year's seasons hath Savitar, God, come nigh: may he prosper our home, give food and noble sons.
  May he invigorate us through the days and nights, and may he send us opulence with progeny.
fixed order, order, rule
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
the menstrual discharge (in women), the time after the courses (favourable for procreation; according to Bhāvaprakāśa sixteen days after their appearance)
sexual union at the above time

Seasons in Sanskrit · ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) (layout · text) · category
कुसुमाकर (kusumākara, “spring”)	ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”)	शरद् (śarad, “autumn”)	हिम (hima, “winter”)

Masculine u-stem declension of ऋतु (ṛtú)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ऋतुः ṛtúḥ	ऋतू ṛtū́	ऋतवः ṛtávaḥ
Vocative	ऋतो ṛ́to	ऋतू ṛ́tū	ऋतवः ṛ́tavaḥ
Accusative	ऋतुम् ṛtúm	ऋतू ṛtū́	ऋतून् ṛtū́n
Instrumental	ऋतुना / ऋत्वा¹ ṛtúnā / ṛtvā́¹	ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām	ऋतुभिः ṛtúbhiḥ
Dative	ऋतवे / ऋत्वे¹ ṛtáve / ṛtvé¹	ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām	ऋतुभ्यः ṛtúbhyaḥ
Ablative	ऋतोः / ऋत्वः¹ ṛtóḥ / ṛtváḥ¹	ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām	ऋतुभ्यः ṛtúbhyaḥ
Genitive	ऋतोः / ऋत्वः¹ ṛtóḥ / ṛtváḥ¹	ऋत्वोः ṛtvóḥ	ऋतूनाम् ṛtūnā́m
Locative	ऋतौ ṛtaú	ऋत्वोः ṛtvóḥ	ऋतुषु ṛtúṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀉 (uu)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi:
  - Gurmukhi script: ਰੁੱਤ (rutta)
  - Shahmukhi script: رُت (rutta)
Pali: utu

Monier Williams (1899) “ऋतु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0224/1.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 257