क्रिया

See also: कार्य, क्रय, किराया, and कोरिया

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्रिया (kriyā́).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kɾɪ.jɑː/, [kɾi.jäː]

Noun

क्रिया • (kriyā) f (Urdu spelling کریا)

1. (grammar) verb
2. doing, performance
3. action, act, deed
4. undertaking
5. business
6. use
7. work, labour; literary work
8. medical treatment or practice
9. religious act or ceremony, pious act, a duty
10. obsequies
11. oath

Declension

Declension of क्रिया (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	क्रिया kriyā	क्रियाएँ kriyāẽ
oblique	क्रिया kriyā	क्रियाओं kriyāõ
vocative	क्रिया kriyā	क्रियाओ kriyāo

Derived terms

• क्रियाशील (kriyāśīl)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “क्रिया”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “क्रिया”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्रिया (kriyā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɾi.ja/

Noun

क्रिया • (kriyā) f

1. action, activity, act
2. process

   Synonym: प्रक्रिया (prakriyā)

3. doing
4. deed

   Synonym: कर्म (karma)

5. religious rite

Declension

Declension of क्रिया (masc ā-stem)
direct singular	क्रिया kriyā
direct plural	क्रिये kriye
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	क्रिया kriyā		क्रिये kriye
oblique सामान्यरूप	क्रिय्या kriyyā		क्रिय्यां- kriyyān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	क्रिय्याला kriyyālā		क्रिय्यांना kriyyānnā
ergative	क्रिय्याने, क्रिय्यानं kriyyāne, kriyyāna		क्रिय्यांनी kriyyānnī
instrumental	क्रिय्याशी kriyyāśī		क्रिय्यांशी kriyyānśī
locative सप्तमी	क्रिय्यात kriyyāt		क्रिय्यांत kriyyāt
vocative संबोधन	क्रिय्या kriyyā		क्रिय्यांनो kriyyānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of क्रिया (masc ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	क्रिय्याचा kriyyāċā	क्रिय्याचे kriyyāċe	क्रिय्याची kriyyācī	क्रिय्याच्या kriyyācā	क्रिय्याचे, क्रिय्याचं kriyyāċe, kriyyāċa	क्रिय्याची kriyyācī	क्रिय्याच्या kriyyācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	क्रिय्यांचा kriyyānċā	क्रिय्यांचे kriyyānċe	क्रिय्यांची kriyyāñcī	क्रिय्यांच्या kriyyāncā	क्रिय्यांचे, क्रिय्यांचं kriyyānċe, kriyyānċa	क्रिय्यांची kriyyāñcī	क्रिय्यांच्या kriyyāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• अभिक्रिया (abhikriyā, “reaction”) (chemistry)
• क्रियापद (kriyāpad, “verb”)
• क्रियाविशेषण (kriyāviśeṣaṇ, “adverb”)
• क्रियाशील (kriyāśīl, “active”)
• प्रतिक्रिया (pratikriyā, “reaction”)

 

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “क्रिया”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ক্ৰিয়া (Assamese script)
• ᬓ᭄ᬭᬶᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
• ক্রিয়া (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰿𑰨𑰰𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ကြိယာ (Burmese script)
• ક્રિયા (Gujarati script)
• ਕ੍ਰਿਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑍍𑌰𑌿𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦿꦶꦪꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂹𑂩𑂱𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಕ್ರಿಯಾ (Kannada script)
• ក្រិយា (Khmer script)
• ກ຺ຣິຍາ (Lao script)
• ക്രിയാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᡵᡳᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘿𑘨𑘱𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠷᠢᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧠𑧈𑧒𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
• କ୍ରିଯା (Odia script)
• ꢒ꣄ꢬꢶꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑇀𑆫𑆴𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖿𑖨𑖰𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ක්‍රියා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜 𑪙𑩼𑩑𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚶𑚤𑚮𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
• க்ரியா (Tamil script)
• క్రియా (Telugu script)
• กฺริยา (Thai script)
• ཀྲི་ཡཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑓂𑒩𑒱𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑩇𑨫𑨁𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From क्रिय् (kriy) +‎ -आ (-ā), in which क्रिय् (kriy) is a back-formation from क्रियते (kriyate), passive of करोति (karoti).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɾi.jɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾi.jɑː/

Noun

क्रिया • (kriyā́) stem, f

1. doing, performing, performance, occupation with (in compounds), business, act, action, undertaking, activity, work, labour
2. bodily action, exercise of the limbs
3. (grammar) action (as the general idea expressed by any verb), verb

   सकर्मक्रिया (sakarmakriyā) — "active" verb

   अकर्मक्रिया (akarmakriyā) — intransitive verb

4. noun of action
5. literary work
6. medical treatment or practice, applying a remedy, cure

   समक्रियत्व (samakriyatva) — ?

   विषमक्रिय (viṣamakriya) — undergoing unequal (medical) treatment

7. a religious rite or ceremony, sacrificial act, sacrifice
8. (with caramā), "the last ceremony", rites performed immediately after death, obsequies, purificatory rites (as ablution etc.)
9. religious action, worship
10. Religious Action (personified as a daughter of Daksha and wife of Dharma; or as a daughter of Kardama and wife of Kratu)
11. judicial investigation (by human means, as by witnesses, documents etc., or by superhuman means, as by various ordeals)
12. atonement
13. disquisition
14. study
15. means, expedient

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of क्रिया (kriyā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	क्रिया kriyā́	क्रिये kriyé	क्रियाः kriyā́ḥ
Vocative	क्रिये kríye	क्रिये kríye	क्रियाः kríyāḥ
Accusative	क्रियाम् kriyā́m	क्रिये kriyé	क्रियाः kriyā́ḥ
Instrumental	क्रियया / क्रिया¹ kriyáyā / kriyā́¹	क्रियाभ्याम् kriyā́bhyām	क्रियाभिः kriyā́bhiḥ
Dative	क्रियायै kriyā́yai	क्रियाभ्याम् kriyā́bhyām	क्रियाभ्यः kriyā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	क्रियायाः / क्रियायै² kriyā́yāḥ / kriyā́yai²	क्रियाभ्याम् kriyā́bhyām	क्रियाभ्यः kriyā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	क्रियायाः / क्रियायै² kriyā́yāḥ / kriyā́yai²	क्रिययोः kriyáyoḥ	क्रियाणाम् kriyā́ṇām
Locative	क्रियायाम् kriyā́yām	क्रिययोः kriyáyoḥ	क्रियासु kriyā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• → Assamese: ক্ৰিয়া (kria)
• → English: Kriya, kriya
• → Burmese: ကြိယာ (kri.ya)
• → Hindi: क्रिया (kriyā)
• → Javanese: ꦏꦿꦶꦪ (kriya)
• → Khmer: កិរិយា (keriyaa)
• → Marathi: क्रिया (kriyā)
• → Nepali: क्रिया (kriyā)
• → Punjabi: ਕਿਰਿਆ (kiriā)
• → Sinhalese: ක්‍රියාව (kriyāwa)
• → Tamil: கிரியை (kiriyai)
• → Telugu: క్రియ (kriya)
• → Thai: กริยา (grì-yaa)
• → Urdu: کریا (kryā)

References

• “क्रिया” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 137.
• Monier Williams (1899) “क्रिया”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0320.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “क्रिया”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 076
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 257