ध्यान

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna). Doublet of दीन (dīn) (“creed, religion”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱjɑːn/, [d̪ʱjä̃ːn]

Noun

ध्यान • (dhyān) m (Urdu spelling دھیان)

1. attention, focus
   • 2014, Kausar Munir, Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai , (from the movie w:Main Tera Hero):

     तेरा ध्यान किधर है? यह तेरा हीरो इधर है!

     terā dhyān kidhar hai? yah terā hīro idhar hai!

     Where is your focus? Your hero is right here!

2. meditation, reflection
3. consideration, notice, heedfulness, care

   ध्यान रखना ― dhyān rakhnā ― to take care

   ध्यान से ― dhyān se ― carefully

4. reflection, reverie

Declension

Declension of ध्यान (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ध्यान dhyān	ध्यान dhyān
oblique	ध्यान dhyān	ध्यानों dhyānõ
vocative	ध्यान dhyān	ध्यानो dhyāno

Further reading

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ध्यान”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ʱjan/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ध्यान • (dhyān) m

1. meditation
2. attention

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ধ্যান (Assamese script)
• ᬥ᭄ᬬᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
• ধ্যান (Bengali script)
• 𑰠𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀥𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• ဓျာန (Burmese script)
• ધ્યાન (Gujarati script)
• ਧ੍ਯਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌧𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦣꦾꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂡𑂹𑂨𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ಧ್ಯಾನ (Kannada script)
• ធ្យាន (Khmer script)
• ຘ຺ຍານ (Lao script)
• ധ്യാന (Malayalam script)
• ᢡᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘠𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᢑᠾᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧀𑧠𑧇𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
• ଧ୍ଯାନ (Odia script)
• ꢤ꣄ꢫꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆣𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖠𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
• ධ්‍යාන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩮 𑪙𑩻𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚜𑚶𑚣𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
• த்⁴யாந (Tamil script)
• ధ్యాన (Telugu script)
• ธฺยาน (Thai script)
• དྷྱཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒡𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨜𑩇𑨪𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root ध्यै (dhyai, “to contemplate, meditate, think of”); see there for more. Compare Persian دین (din, “religion”), Parthian 𐫅𐫏𐫗 (dyn, “religion”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (daēnā, “religion, vision”).

Noun

ध्यान • (dhyāna) stem, n

1. meditation, contemplation, thought, reflection, (especially) profound and abstract religious meditation; a dhyana

   dhyānam-√āpad, dhyānam ā-√sthā or dhyānaṃ-√gam — to indulge in religious meditation

2. mental representation of the personal attributes of a deity
3. insensibility, dullness

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of ध्यान
Nom. sg.	ध्यानम् (dhyānam)
Gen. sg.	ध्यानस्य (dhyānasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ध्यानम् (dhyānam)	ध्याने (dhyāne)	ध्यानानि (dhyānāni)
Vocative	ध्यान (dhyāna)	ध्याने (dhyāne)	ध्यानानि (dhyānāni)
Accusative	ध्यानम् (dhyānam)	ध्याने (dhyāne)	ध्यानानि (dhyānāni)
Instrumental	ध्यानेन (dhyānena)	ध्यानाभ्याम् (dhyānābhyām)	ध्यानैः (dhyānaiḥ)
Dative	ध्यानाय (dhyānāya)	ध्यानाभ्याम् (dhyānābhyām)	ध्यानेभ्यः (dhyānebhyaḥ)
Ablative	ध्यानात् (dhyānāt)	ध्यानाभ्याम् (dhyānābhyām)	ध्यानेभ्यः (dhyānebhyaḥ)
Genitive	ध्यानस्य (dhyānasya)	ध्यानयोः (dhyānayoḥ)	ध्यानानाम् (dhyānānām)
Locative	ध्याने (dhyāne)	ध्यानयोः (dhyānayoḥ)	ध्यानेषु (dhyāneṣu)

Descendants

• Pali: jhāna
  • → Khmer: ឈាន (chiən)
  • → Lao: ຊານ (sān)
  • → Burmese: ဈာန် (jhan)
  • → Northern Thai: ᨫᩣ᩠ᨶ (saan⁴)
  • → Thai: ฌาน (chaan)
• Prakrit: 𑀛𑀸𑀡 (jhāṇa)
  • Old Bengali: ঝাণ (jhāṇa)
  • Old Gujarati: झाण (jhāṇa)
• Sinhala Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: දන් (dan)
• → Bengali: ধ্যান (dhên)
• → Chinese: 禪那／禅那 (chánnuó) (Middle Chinese /d͡ʑiᴇn nɑ/) ~ 禪／禅 (chán) (/d͡ʑiᴇn/)
  • → Japanese: 禅那 (zenna) ~ 禅 (zen)
    • → English: Zen
    • → French: zen
    • → German: Zen
    • → Spanish: Zen
    • → Thai: เซน (seen), เซ็น (sen)
  • → Korean: 선 (seon)
  • → Vietnamese: thiền na ~ thiền
• → English: dhyana
• → Gujarati: ધ્યાન (dhyān)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: ध्यान (dhyān)
  • Urdu: دھیان (dhyān)
• → Kannada: ಧ್ಯಾನ (dhyāna)
• → Khmer: ធ្យាន (thyiən)
• → Marathi: ध्यान (dhyān)
• → Malayalam: ധ്യാനം (dhyānaṁ)
• → Punjabi: ਧਿਆਨ (dhiāna)
• → Tamil: தியானம் (tiyāṉam)
• → Telugu: ధ్యానం (dhyānaṁ)
• → Tibetan: བསམ་གཏན (bsam gtan) (calque)

Proper noun

ध्यान • (Dhyāna) m

1. name of a particular personification
2. name of the 11th day of the light half in Brahma's month

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ध्यान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 521/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 777-778; 798
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 48-50