पद

Devanagari script form of pada (“foot”)
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[1], page 250; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
  अथ सब्बासं विभत्तीनं यानि यानि पुब्बानि छ पदानि तानि तानि परस्सपदसञ्ञानि होन्ति।
  Atha sabbāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ yāni yāni pubbāni cha padāni, tāni tāni parassapadasaññāni honti.
  Then whatever are the first six endings of all the endings, they are called the active endings.

Declension edit

Declension table of "पद" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	पदं (padaṃ)	पदानि (padāni) or पदा (padā)
Accusative (second)	पदं (padaṃ)	पदानि (padāni)
Instrumental (third)	पदेन (padena) or पदा (padā) or पदसा (padasā)	पदेहि (padehi) or पदेभि (padebhi)
Dative (fourth)	पदस्स (padassa) or पदाय (padāya) or पदत्थं (padatthaṃ)	पदानं (padānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	पदस्मा (padasmā) or पदम्हा (padamhā) or पदा (padā)	पदेहि (padehi) or पदेभि (padebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	पदस्स (padassa)	पदानं (padānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	पदस्मिं (padasmiṃ) or पदम्हि (padamhi) or पदे (pade)	पदेसु (padesu)
Vocative (calling)	पद (pada)	पदानि (padāni)

Sanskrit edit

Alternative forms edit

पाद (pāda)

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

পদ (Assamese script)
ᬧᬤ (Balinese script)
পদ (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰟 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀤 (Brahmi script)
ပဒ (Burmese script)
પદ (Gujarati script)
ਪਦ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑌦 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦢ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂠 (Kaithi script)
ಪದ (Kannada script)
បទ (Khmer script)
ປທ (Lao script)
പദ (Malayalam script)
ᢒᠠᡩᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘟 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᢑᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑦿 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐡 (Newa script)
ପଦ (Odia script)
ꢦꢣ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆢 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖟 (Siddham script)
පද (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩭 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚛 (Takri script)
பத³ (Tamil script)
పద (Telugu script)
ปท (Thai script)
པ་ད (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒠 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨛 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *padám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *padám, from Proto-Indo-European *pedóm, originally meaning 'trace, bottom', from *ped- (“step, footprint”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon, “floor, ground”), Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭 (pēdan, “floor, ground; place”), Old Norse fet (“step”), Old Armenian հետ (het, “footprint, track”).

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ.dɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐ.d̪ɐ/

Noun edit

पद • (padá) stem, n (rarely m)

step, pace, stride
footstep, trace, vestige, mark; the foot itself
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.133.2:
  अ॒भि॒व्लग्या॑ चिदद्रिवः शी॒र्षा या॑तु॒मती॑नाम्।
  छि॒न्धि व॑टू॒रिणा॑ प॒दा म॒हाव॑टूरिणा प॒दा॥
  abhivlágyā cidadrivaḥ śīrṣā́ yātumátīnām.
  chindhí vaṭūríṇā padā́ mahā́vaṭūriṇā padā́.
  Devourer of foes having trampled on the heads of the malignant hosts, crush them with your wide-spreading foot; your vast wide-spreading foot.
sign, token, characteristic
footing, standpoint
position, rank, station, site, abode, home, place
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.22.20:
  तद्विष्णो॑: पर॒मं प॒दं सदा॑ पश्यन्ति सू॒रय॑:।
  दि॒वी॑व॒ चक्षु॒रात॑तम्॥
  tádvíṣṇo: paramáṃ padáṃ sádā paśyanti sūráya:.
  divī̀va cákṣurā́tatam.
  The wise ever contemplate that supreme station of Viṣṇu, as the eye ranges over the sky.
business affair, matter, object or cause of (genitive or compound)
pretext
part, portion, division
(chess) square on a chessboard
plot of ground
the foot as a measure of length (= 12 or 15 fingers' breadth, or 1/2 or 1/3 or 3/7 of a प्रक्रम (prakrama))
ray of light
(poetry) a verse, a quarter or line of a stanza
a word or an inflected word or the stem of a noun in the middle cases and before some तद्धित (taddhita)s
= पदपाठ (pada-pāṭha)
common name of the parasmaipada and ātmanepada
any one in a set of numbers the sum of which is required
a period in an arithmetical progression
square root
quadrant
protection

Declension edit

Neuter a-stem declension of पद (padá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पदम् padám	पदे padé	पदानि / पदा¹ padā́ni / padā́¹
Vocative	पद páda	पदे páde	पदानि / पदा¹ pádāni / pádā¹
Accusative	पदम् padám	पदे padé	पदानि / पदा¹ padā́ni / padā́¹
Instrumental	पदेन padéna	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदैः / पदेभिः¹ padaíḥ / padébhiḥ¹
Dative	पदाय padā́ya	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदेभ्यः padébhyaḥ
Ablative	पदात् padā́t	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदेभ्यः padébhyaḥ
Genitive	पदस्य padásya	पदयोः padáyoḥ	पदानाम् padā́nām
Locative	पदे padé	पदयोः padáyoḥ	पदेषु padéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Masculine a-stem declension of पद (padá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पदः padáḥ	पदौ / पदा¹ padaú / padā́¹	पदाः / पदासः¹ padā́ḥ / padā́saḥ¹
Vocative	पद páda	पदौ / पदा¹ pádau / pádā¹	पदाः / पदासः¹ pádāḥ / pádāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पदम् padám	पदौ / पदा¹ padaú / padā́¹	पदान् padā́n
Instrumental	पदेन padéna	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदैः / पदेभिः¹ padaíḥ / padébhiḥ¹
Dative	पदाय padā́ya	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदेभ्यः padébhyaḥ
Ablative	पदात् padā́t	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदेभ्यः padébhyaḥ
Genitive	पदस्य padásya	पदयोः padáyoḥ	पदानाम् padā́nām
Locative	पदे padé	पदयोः padáyoḥ	पदेषु padéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants edit

Pali: pada
→ Old Javanese: pada
→ Tamil: பாதம் (pātam), பதவி (patavi)
→ Telugu: పదము (padamu)
→ Bengali: পদ (pod)

References edit

Monier Williams (1899) “पद”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0583/1.
Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma padá
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 78-9