僧
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Translingual edit
Japanese | 僧 |
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Simplified | 僧 |
Traditional | 僧 |
Alternative forms edit
Note difference between Chinese form, which uses 曾, and Japanese shinjitai which uses 曽. Both forms are encoded under the same codepoint due to Han unification.
Han character edit
僧 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+12 in Chinese, 人+11 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人金田日 (OCWA), four-corner 28266, composition ⿰亻曾 (GTKV) or ⿰亻曽 (J))
Derived characters edit
Related characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 117, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1076
- Dae Jaweon: page 248, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 222, character 1
- Unihan data for U+50E7
Chinese edit
simp. and trad. |
僧 |
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Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 僧 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sɯːŋ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – a kind of person (a Buddhist monk).
Etymology edit
Clipping of 僧伽 (MC song gja, “sangha; community of monks, nuns, novices and laity”); see there for more.
Pronunciation edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zang1 / sang1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sên
- Eastern Min (BUC): cĕng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: seng
- Wade–Giles: sêng1
- Yale: sēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seng
- Palladius: сэн (sɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zang1 / sang1
- Yale: jāng / sāng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzang1 / sang1
- Guangdong Romanization: zeng1 / seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- sang1 - literary;
- zang1 - vernacular.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên
- Hakka Romanization System: sen´
- Hagfa Pinyim: sen1
- Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
- Tâi-lô: tsng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
- Tâi-lô: tsing
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
- Tâi-lô: sng
- Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
- Tâi-lô: sing
- Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- chng, cheng - vernacular;
- sng, seng - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 僧 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /səŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡səŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /səŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /səŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /səŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /səŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /səŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /sə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /səŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /sə̃n³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /sɤŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /sen⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /sə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /sən³¹/ | |
Hefei | /sən²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /səŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /səŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /sə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /səŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /sen³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /saŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /sʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /sɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sən³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡sən³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɛn⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /sen⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /sen²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɐŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/ 俗 |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sɛiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡saiŋ⁴⁴/ /saiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡seŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sɔŋ³³/ /t͡seŋ³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: song
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːŋ/
Definitions edit
僧
- (Buddhism) monk; bonze
- (Buddhism) sangha
- (Church of the East, historical) priest
- a surname
Synonyms edit
Compounds edit
- 不僧不俗
- 僧人 (sēngrén)
- 僧伽
- 僧伽藍/僧伽蓝
- 僧俗 (sēngsú)
- 僧侶/僧侣 (sēnglǚ)
- 僧侶主義/僧侣主义
- 僧塔 (sēngtǎ)
- 僧多粥少 (sēngduōzhōushǎo)
- 僧官
- 僧尼 (sēngní)
- 僧徒 (sēngtú)
- 僧房
- 僧殘/僧残
- 僧眾/僧众
- 僧祇 (sēngqí)
- 僧祐
- 僧綱/僧纲
- 僧肇
- 僧行
- 僧衣
- 僧道
- 僧院 (sēngyuàn)
- 僧鞋
- 削髮為僧/削发为僧
- 和合僧
- 奉道齋僧/奉道斋僧
- 女僧
- 密陀僧 (mìtuósēng)
- 小僧 (xiǎosēng)
- 尼僧 (nísēng)
- 情僧錄/情僧录
- 替僧
- 火宅僧
- 知事僧
- 粥少僧多
- 粥飯僧/粥饭僧
- 老僧 (lǎosēng)
- 老僧入定
- 聖僧/圣僧
- 胡僧
- 苦行僧 (kǔxíngsēng)
- 行腳僧/行脚僧
- 衲僧
- 貧僧/贫僧 (pínsēng)
- 門僧/门僧
- 阿僧祇 (āsēngqí)
- 雲水僧/云水僧
- 非洲和尚——黑人僧
- 高僧 (gāosēng)
- 齋僧/斋僧
References edit
- “僧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Shinjitai | 僧 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
僧 僧 or 僧+ ︀ ?
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僧󠄁 僧+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
僧󠄅 僧+ 󠄅 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Glyph origin edit
Japanese shinjitai form: 僧 (曾 → 曽).
Kanji edit
(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僧)
Readings edit
Compounds edit
Etymology edit
Clipping of 僧伽 (sōgya), borrowed from Sanskrit संघ (saṃgha).[2]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
References edit
- ^ “僧”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 僧 (MC song).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 스ᇰ (Yale: sùng) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 쥬ᇰ〯 (Yale: cywǔng) | 스ᇰ (Yale: sùng) |
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɯŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [승]
Hanja edit
Compounds edit
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
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