咫

Translingual edit

Han character edit

咫 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸人口金 (SORC), four-corner 7680₈, composition ⿺尺只)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 186, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3542
Dae Jaweon: page 405, character 36
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 624, character 1
Unihan data for U+54AB

Chinese edit

trad.		咫
simp. ^#		咫
alternative forms		𣥉𦐖𰭠

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (只) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
只	klje, kljeʔ
胑	*klje
疻	klje, klji
軹	*kljeʔ
咫	*kljeʔ
枳	kljeʔ, kleʔ
抧	*kljeʔ
伿	kljes, les
齞	*ŋleːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljeʔ) : semantic 尺 (“ruler; measuring stick”) + phonetic 只 (OC *klje, *kljeʔ)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǐ (zhi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chih³
  - Yale: jř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi²
  - Yale: jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
  - Tâi-lô: tsí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cie
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡si⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyeX

Rime
Character	咫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	諸氏切
Baxter	tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciə̆^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕie^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕǐe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*keʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kljeʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	咫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsye^X ›
Old Chinese	/*keʔ/
English	foot (8 inches)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咫
Reading #	1/1
No.	17309
Phonetic component	只
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	紙
Old Chinese	/*kljeʔ/

Definitions edit

咫

unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun (寸)
- 楛矢貫之，石砮其長尺有咫。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  楛矢贯之，石砮其长尺有咫。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Hù shǐ guàn zhī, shí nú qí cháng chǐ yǒu zhǐ. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 對曰：「天威不違顏咫尺，小白，余敢貪天子之命無下拜？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  对曰：「天威不违颜咫尺，小白，余敢贪天子之命无下拜？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Duì yuē: “Tiānwēi bù wéi yán zhǐchǐ, xiǎobái, yú gǎn tān tiānzǐ zhī mìng wú xiàbài? [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
^† few; little
Synonym: 少
- 王曰：「是知天咫，安知民則？是言誕也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  王曰：「是知天咫，安知民则？是言诞也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Wáng yuē: “Shì zhī tiān zhǐ, ān zhī mín zé? Shì yán dàn yě.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
^† short
Synonym: 短 (duǎn)
- 北首燕路，而後遣辯士奉咫尺之書，暴其所長於燕，燕必不敢不聽從。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  北首燕路，而后遣辩士奉咫尺之书，暴其所长于燕，燕必不敢不听从。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Běi shǒu yàn lù, ér hòu qiǎn biàn shì fèng zhǐchǐ zhī shū, bào qí suǒ cháng yú yàn, yàn bì bùgǎn bù tīngcóng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

咫

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji edit

咫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

Go-on: し (shi)^{←し (si, historical)}
Kan-on: し (shi)^{←し (si, historical)}
Kun: あた (ata, 咫); た (ta, 咫)

Compounds edit

咫(し)尺(せき) (shiseki)

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
咫
あた Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
尺 (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712, with the phonetic spelling 阿多 (ata).^[1]^[2]

Possibly derived from verb 当つ (atu, “to place one thing against another; to touch, to come into contact”, modern verb pair 当てる (ateru, transitive), 当たる (ataru, intransitive)), from the sense of placing one's hand against something to measure it.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [a̠ta̠]

Noun edit

咫(あた) • (ata)

[from 712] (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm^[2])

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
咫
た Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears to be a shortening of ata.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ta̠]

Affix edit

咫(た) • (ta)

(historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm^[2])

Usage notes edit

This shortened reading ta seems to only appear in compounds.

Derived terms edit

八咫鏡 (Yata no Kagami, “The Eight-Ata Mirror”, one of the Imperial Regalia of Japan)
八咫烏 (Yata-garasu, “The Eight-Ata Crow”, an important figure in Shinto)

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
咫
し Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 咫 (MC tsyeX).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ɕi]

Affix edit

咫(し) • (shi)

(historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm^[2])

Usage notes edit

Only appears in compounds.

Derived terms edit

咫尺 (shiseki, “nearby; a short distance”)

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 “咫・尺”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 “咫”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 咫 (MC tsyeX).

Pronunciation edit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi]
Phonetic hangul: [지]

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

咫

Wikisource

咫 (eumhun 여덟 치 지 (yeodeol chi ji))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds edit

지척 (咫尺, jicheok)

References edit

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 咫

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

咫: Hán Việt readings: chỉ^[1]
咫: Nôm readings: chỉ^[1]

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 “咫・尺”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000

[K-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[DDJS-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 “咫”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[DJR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[gdhn-5] 1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).

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