Wiktionary

尚

See also: 向 and 尙
尚 U+5C1A, 尚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C1A
← 尙
[U+5C19] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 尛 →
[U+5C1B]

Translingual edit

Traditional 尚
Simplified 尚
Japanese 尚
Korean 尙

Alternative forms edit

  • 𫩠 (when used at the top of a character)

Han character edit

Stroke order
 

尚 (Kangxi radical 42, 小+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火月口 (FBR), four-corner 90227, composition ⿱⺌冋)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 297, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7493
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 563, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5C1A

Chinese edit

trad. 尚/尙
simp. 尚

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 尚
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
當 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠 *taːŋ
鐺 *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹 *taːŋ
璫 *taːŋ
檔 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷 *taːŋ
擋 *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨 *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜 *taːŋʔ
欓 *taːŋʔ
譡 *taːŋs
闣 *taːŋs
瓽 *taːŋs
鏜 *tʰaːŋ
闛 *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞 *tʰaːŋ
曭 *tʰaːŋʔ
儻 *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃 *tʰaːŋʔ
矘 *tʰaːŋʔ
爣 *tʰaːŋʔ
攩 *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌 *tʰaːŋʔ
倘 *tʰaːŋʔ
躺 *tʰaːŋʔ
趟 *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂 *daːŋ
坣 *daːŋ
棠 *daːŋ
糛 *daːŋ
螳 *daːŋ
隚 *daːŋ
橖 *daːŋ
掌 *tjaŋʔ
廠 *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞 *tʰjaŋʔ
僘 *tʰjaŋʔ
氅 *tʰjaŋʔ
常 *djaŋ
嘗 *djaŋ
裳 *djaŋ
徜 *djaŋ
尚 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞 *djaŋ
鋿 *djaŋ
嫦 *djaŋ
償 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞 *hjaŋʔ
瞠 *rtʰaːŋ
撐 *rtʰaːŋ
樘 *rtʰaːŋ
橕 *rtʰaːŋ
牚 *rtʰaːŋs
埫 *tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) : semantic 八 + phonetic 向 (OC *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zrjaŋ ~ rjaŋ (“uncle, superior”) (STEDT; cf. Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“, upper part, rise, raise, top, summit”)). Cognate with 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", Tibetan ཨ་ཞང (a zhang, “maternal uncle”), Burmese အရှင် (a.hrang, “master, lord”), etc.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • siōng/siāng - literary;
  • siūⁿ/siōⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 和尚);
  • sióng - vernacular (limited, e.g 高尚).
Note:
  • siang6 - literary;
  • sion7/siên7 - vernacular (siên7 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 尚
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時亮切
Baxter dzyangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑɨaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		soeng6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 尚
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]aŋ-s/
English upwards

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 尚
Reading # 2/2
No. 11161
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		尚
Old
Chinese 		/*djaŋs/

Definitions edit

尚

  1. still; yet
    年紀尚幼／年纪尚幼  ―  niánjì shàng yòu  ―  still young
    不良反應：尚不明確。 [MSC, trad.]
    不良反应：尚不明确。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bùliángfǎnyìng: shàng bù míngquè. [Pinyin]
    Adverse reactions: still unclear.
  2. (literary, or in compounds) even
  3. to value; to esteem; to worship
    尚武  ―  shàngwǔ  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  4. (obsolete) to assist; to administer (for the emperor)
  5. prevailing custom
    時尚／时尚  ―  shíshàng  ―  fashion
  6. (literary, or in compounds) noble; virtuous
  7. (obsolete) Alternative form of 上 (“to exceed”)
  8. a surname: Shang
    尚可喜  ―  Shàng Kěxǐ  ―  Shang Kexi (Chinese general of the Ming and Qing Dynasties)
Synonyms edit
  • (still):
Dialectal synonyms of 還 (“still; yet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 猶, 尚
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 還, 仍, 尚
Mandarin Beijing 還
Taiwan 還
Jinan 還
Wanrong 還
Xi'an 還
Lanzhou 還
Wuhan 還
Chengdu 還
Guilin 還
Liuzhou 還
Yangzhou 還
Nanjing 還
Hefei 還
Nantong 還
Malaysia 還
Singapore 還
Cantonese Guangzhou 重
Hong Kong 重
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 重
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 重
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 重
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 還
Macau 重
Guangzhou (Panyu) 重
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 重
Guangzhou (Conghua) 重
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 重
Foshan 重
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 重
Foshan (Shunde) 重
Foshan (Sanshui) 重
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 重
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 還
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 重
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 重
Zhuhai (Doumen) 還
Jiangmen (Baisha) 還
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 還
Taishan 還
Kaiping (Chikan) 還
Enping (Niujiang) 還
Heshan (Yayao) 重
Dongguan 重
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 重
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 重, 還
Qingyuan 重
Fogang 重
Yingde (Hanguang) 閒
Yangshan 重
Lianshan (Butian) 成
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 重
Shaoguan 重
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 重
Renhua 重
Lechang 重
Sihui 重
Deqing 淨, 重
Huaiji 重
Yunfu 鄭
Xinxing 重
Luoding 重
Yunan (Pingtai) 鄭
Yangjiang 還
Xinyi 重
Nanning 重
Wuzhou 重
Yulin 重
Hepu (Lianzhou) 重
Mengshan (Xihe) 重
Beiliu (Tangliao) 重
Bobai 重
Qinzhou 重
Beihai 重
Ningming 重
Hengzhou 淨
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 重
Singapore (Guangfu) 重
Gan Nanchang 還
Pingxiang 還
Hakka Meixian 還
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 重
Dongguan (Qingxi) 還
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 還
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 還
Conghua (Lütian) 還
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 猶
Hong Kong 還
Luchuan (Daqiao) 還
Kuching (Hepo) 還
Huizhou Jixi 還
Jin Taiyuan 還
Northern Min Jian'ou 固, 唵
Eastern Min Fuzhou 固
Matsu 固
Southern Min Xiamen 猶, 猶閣
Quanzhou 猶, 猶閣
Zhangzhou 猶, 猶閣
Zhao'an 還
Tainan 猶, 猶閣
Penang (Hokkien) 閣
Singapore (Hokkien) 猶, 猶閣, 閣
Manila (Hokkien) 猶, 猶閣
Chaozhou 還
Shantou 還
Jieyang 還
Haifeng 還
Singapore (Teochew) 還
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 仲
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 重
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 還
Wu Shanghai 還
Suzhou 還
Danyang 還
Wenzhou 還
Jinhua 還
Xiang Changsha 還
Loudi 還
Shuangfeng 還
Quanzhou 還
  • (even):
  • (to value):
  • (noble):

Descendants edit

  • → Tangut: → 𗊻 (*śjo²) (transliteration)

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Rime
Character 尚
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 市羊切
Baxter dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cháng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		soeng4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 尚
Reading # 1/2
No. 11156
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		常
Old
Chinese 		/*djaŋ/
Notes 說文從向聲，金文不似，疑堂或常初文

Definitions edit

尚

  1. Used in 尚羊 (chángyáng).
  2. Variant pronunciation used in 尚書／尚书 (shàngshū, “position of the chief secretary”).

Japanese edit

Shinjitai

尚

Kyūjitai

尙

Kanji edit

尚

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 尙)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
尚
しょう
Grade: S
kan’on
Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 尚 (MC dzyangH).

Affix edit

尚(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. esteem, respect
  2. high status
  3. long time
  4. furthermore, still, yet

Proper noun edit

尚(しょう) • (Shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. a surname used by the Ryukyu royal family
  2. a male or female given name

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
尚
なお
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 尚 – see the following entry.
【なお】
[adverb] furthermore, in addition
[adverb] still, as always
[adverb] even more
[conjunction] moreover, furthermore, in addition, note that
Alternative spellings
猶, 尚お
(This term, 尚, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Proper noun edit

尚(なお) • (Nao) ←なほ (nafo)?

  1. a male or female given name

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
尚
たかし
Grade: S
nanori
Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of classical adjective 高し (takashi), modern 高い (takai, “high”).

Proper noun edit

尚(たかし) • (Takashi) 

  1. a surname
  2. a male given name

Etymology 4 edit

Kanji in this term
尚
ひさし
Grade: S
nanori
Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of classical adjective 久し (hisashi), modern 久しい (hisashii, “long time”).

Proper noun edit

尚(ひさし) • (Hisashi) 

  1. a male or female given name

Korean edit

Hanja edit

尚 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

尚: Hán Nôm readings: chuộng, thượng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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