Wiktionary

念

See also: 唸
念 U+5FF5, 念
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FF5
← 忴
[U+5FF4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忶 →
[U+5FF6]
念 U+F9A3, 念
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A3
← 廉
[U+F9A2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 捻 →
[U+F9A4]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

念 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓心 (OINP), four-corner 80332, composition ⿱今心)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 378, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10390
  • Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2274, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5FF5

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nɯːms) : phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Alternatively: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 今 + 心 (see: 張富海：《利用諧聲構擬上古音應該註意的幾個問題》，《出土文獻》，2021年第1期，頁134。)

Etymology edit

trad. 念
simp. # 念
alternative forms 𫝹

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam. Cognate with Tibetan ཉམ (nyam), ཉམས (nyams, “soul, mind, heart”), སྙམ (snyam, “to think, to feel”) (Quan, 1996). Related to 恁 (OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ, “to think, to miss”).

Schuessler (2007) notes it may be an area word; compare Khmer ចំណាំ (cɑmnam, “memory; recollection”), Proto-Austronesian *nemnem (“to think”).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • niam6 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
  • liam6 - Chaozhou;
  • niang6 - Chenghai.
Rime
Character 念
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴店切
Baxter nemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nemH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nemH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nɛmH/
Li
Rong 		/nemH/
Wang
Li 		/niemH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/niemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		niàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		nim6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 念
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		niàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nemH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁim-s/
English think of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 念
Reading # 1/1
No. 6588
Phonetic
component 		今
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		念
Old
Chinese 		/*nɯːms/
Notes 或以心含會意

Definitions edit

念

  1. to miss; to long for; to think of; to recall
  2. to consider; to contemplate
  3. Alternative form of 廿 (niàn, “twenty”)
  4. to worry; to be anxious about
  5. to feel compassion for; to pity
  6. to show tender affection for
  7. to commemorate; to memorialise; to pay tribute to
  8. idea; thought
  9. to nag
  10. (Buddhism) memory
  11. a surname
Synonyms edit
  • (to miss):
  • (to consider):
  • (idea):

Pronunciation 2 edit

trad. 念/唸
simp. 念

Note:
  • niam7 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
  • liam7 - Chaozhou;
  • niang7 - Chenghai.

Definitions edit

念

  1. to read aloud; to chant; to recite
    • 2022 October 16, “69歲習近平20大政治報告 未讀全文省略1小時”, in Central News Agency‎[1], archived from the original on 16 October 2022‎[2]:
      除了報告內容外，今年外界關注，已69歲的習近平是否會比照5年前的19大朗讀報告全文。19大的政治報告總共3萬2000多字，當時習近平以近3個小時唸完全文。
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. to study (at a school); to learn
  3. (Taiwan) to nag

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

念

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Noun edit

念(ねん) • (nen) 

  1. sense
  2. feeling

Compounds edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

念 (eumhun 생각 념 (saenggak nyeom), word-initial (South Korea) 생각 염 (saenggak yeom))

  1. Hanja form? of 념/염 (“thought”).

Compounds edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

念: Hán Nôm readings: niệm, niềm, núm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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