瞳

See also: 朣, 膧, and 曈

瞳	U+77B3, 瞳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77B3

← 瞲
[U+77B2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

瞴 →
[U+77B4]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

瞳 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月山卜廿土 (BUYTG), four-corner 6001₄, composition ⿰目童)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 818, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23707
Dae Jaweon: page 1230, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2514, character 12
Unihan data for U+77B3

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		瞳
alternative forms		𭿍

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撞	rdoːŋ, rdoːŋs
幢	rdoːŋ, rdoːŋs
橦	rdoːŋ, doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇	*rdoːŋ
𩪘	*rdoːŋ
艟	rdoːŋs, tʰjoŋ
憧	rdoːŋs, tʰjoŋ
畽	tʰoːnʔ, tʰuːnʔ
董	*toːŋʔ
蕫	toːŋʔ, doːŋ
箽	*toːŋʔ
懂	*toːŋʔ
湩	toːŋs, tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈	tʰoːŋ, tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童	*doːŋ
僮	*doːŋ
瞳	*doːŋ
罿	doːŋ, tʰjoŋ
犝	*doːŋ
潼	doːŋ, tʰjoŋ
穜	doːŋ, doŋ
動	*doːŋʔ
慟	*doːŋs
堹	*toŋs
諥	*toŋs
蹱	tʰoŋ, tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重	doŋ, doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟	doŋ, doŋs
蝩	*doŋ
褈	doŋ, tʰjoŋ
鐘	tjoŋ, tjoŋ
鍾	*tjoŋ
籦	*tjoŋ
種	tjoŋʔ, tjoŋs
腫	*tjoŋʔ
踵	*tjoŋʔ
歱	*tjoŋʔ
喠	tjoŋʔ, tʰjoŋʔ
偅	*tjoŋs
衝	*tʰjoŋ
揰	*tʰjoŋs
尰	*djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ).

Etymology edit

From 童 (OC *doːŋ, “child”). Compare English pupil (“‘child’ > student; pupil of eye”) for a similar semantic development.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tóng (tong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tung⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): huung³
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): tung²
Jin (Wiktionary): tung¹
Eastern Min (BUC): dùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tông

(Teochew, Peng'im): tong⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶don

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung²
  - Yale: túng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
  - Palladius: тун (tun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: tong²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: tung⁴
  - Yale: tùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: huung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tung²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: tung¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰxũŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông
  - Tâi-lô: tông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doong
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶don
  - MiniDict: don^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³don
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: duwng

Rime
Character	瞳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒紅切
Baxter	duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/duŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/duŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwŋ/
Li Rong	/duŋ/
Wang Li	/duŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瞳
Reading #	1/1
No.	17441
Phonetic component	重
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	同
Old Chinese	/*doːŋ/

Definitions edit

瞳

^† inexperienced; ignorant
(anatomy) pupil of eye
^† sight; vision; view
^† to see

Compounds edit

打瞳
瞳人 (tóngrén)
瞳人兒／瞳人儿 (tóngrénr)
瞳仁 (tóngrén)
瞳仁兒／瞳仁儿 (tóngrénr)
瞳子 (tóngzǐ)
瞳孔 (tóngkǒng)
瞳矇／瞳蒙
重瞳
雙瞳翦水／双瞳翦水

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

瞳

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

瞳孔(どうこう) (dōkō)

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
瞳
ひとみ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Likely 人(ひと) (hito, “person”) + 見(み) (mi, “see”), in reference to one's own reflection when staring into someone else's eyes. Compare Latin pūpilla, of the same derivation.

Noun edit

瞳(ひとみ) • (hitomi)

(anatomy) pupil
(poetic) eye
瞳(ひとみ)に映(うつ)る景色(けしき)
hitomi ni utsuru keshiki
the scene reflected in one's eyes

瞳(ひとみ)を閉(と)じる
hitomi o tojiru
to close one's eyes

Proper noun edit

瞳(ひとみ) • (Hitomi)

a female given name

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 瞳 (MC duwng).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 또ᇰ (Yale: ttwong) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation edit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [동(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

瞳

Wikisource

瞳 (eumhun 눈동자 동 (nundongja dong))

Hanja form^? of 동 (“pupil”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

동자 (瞳子, dongja)
동공 (瞳孔, donggong)

References edit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

瞳: Hán Nôm readings: đồng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Nôm: đồng, tròng

References edit

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999