Wiktionary

硬

See also: 峺
硬 U+786C, 硬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-786C
← 硫
[U+786B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 硭 →
[U+786D]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit

硬 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口一中大 (MRMLK), four-corner 11646, composition ⿰石更)

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 831, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24230
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2432, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+786C

Chinese

edit
simp. and trad.
 硬
alternative forms 鞕

Glyph origin

edit
Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs) : semantic 石 + phonetic 更 (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs).

Pronunciation

edit
Note: ngaang6-2 - alternative pronunciation for "certainly".
Note:
  • ngī/ngǐ/ngēe/ngē - vernacular;
  • gēng/gěng - literary.
Note:
  • nge6 - vernacular;
  • ngeng7 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 硬
Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /iŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /iŋ⁵³/
Jinan /iŋ²¹/
Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /əŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /niŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /ȵiə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /iŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ȵĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /ȵiŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /ŋən³⁵/
Chengdu /ŋən¹³/
Guiyang /ŋen²¹³/
/in²¹³/ 新,少
Kunming /ə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ən⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /niəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ȵiŋ³⁵/
/ȵie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /nĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ŋã²³/
Suzhou /ŋã³¹/
Hangzhou /ŋɑŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋiɛ²²/
Hui Shexian /ŋʌ̃³²⁴/
/ŋɛ²²/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋən¹¹/
Xiangtan /ŋən²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɑŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ŋaŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋaŋ²²/
Nanning /ŋaŋ²²/
Hong Kong /ŋaŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giŋ²²/
/ŋi²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋaiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋẽ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋɛ³³/
Rime
Character 硬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 耕 (117)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五爭切
Baxter ngeangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠɛŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚæŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋɐŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋəɨjŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋɛŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋæŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋæŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		èng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngang6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 硬 硬
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 880 881
Phonetic
component 		丙 丙
Rime
group 		陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		鞕
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋɡraːŋs/ /*ŋɡraːŋs/
Notes 見傷寒論 同鞕，王韻五孟反

Definitions

edit

硬

  1. hard (resistant to pressure)
  2. tough; strong; firm
  3. good (in terms of quality or ability)
  4. stiff; inflexible
  5. obstinately; forcibly; resolutely
  6. (slang) to become hard; to have an erection
  7. (Cantonese, Teochew) certainly; definitely; of course

Synonyms

edit
  • (hard):
Dialectal synonyms of 硬 (“hard”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 硬
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 硬
Taiwan 硬
Harbin 硬
Singapore 硬
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 硬
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 硬
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 硬
Xi'an 硬
Xining 硬
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 硬
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 硬
Lanzhou 硬
Ürümqi 硬
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 硬
Wuhan 硬
Guiyang 硬奏, 硬
Guilin 硬
Liuzhou 硬
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 硬
Yangzhou 硬
Hefei 硬
Cantonese Guangzhou 硬
Hong Kong 硬
Taishan 硬
Dongguan 硬
Yangjiang 硬
Singapore (Guangfu) 硬
Gan Nanchang 硬
Lichuan 硬
Pingxiang 硬
Hakka Meixian 硬
Yudu 硬
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 硬
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 硬
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 硬
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 硬
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 硬
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 丁
Huizhou Jixi 硬
Jin Taiyuan 硬
Xinzhou 硬
Northern Min Jian'ou 硬
Eastern Min Fuzhou 硬, 𠕇
Southern Min Xiamen 硬, 𠕇
Quanzhou 硬, 𠕇
Zhangzhou 硬, 𠕇
Taipei 𠕇, 硬
New Taipei (Sanxia) 𠕇, 硬
Kaohsiung 𠕇, 硬
Yilan 𠕇, 硬
Changhua (Lukang) 𠕇, 硬
Taichung 𠕇
Tainan 𠕇, 硬
Hsinchu 𠕇
Kinmen 𠕇
Penghu (Magong) 𠕇
Singapore (Hokkien) 𠕇, 硬
Manila (Hokkien) 𠕇, 硬
Chaozhou 硬, 𠕇
Shantou (Chaoyang) 𠕇
Singapore (Teochew) 𠕇
Leizhou 𠕇
Wenchang 𠕇
Haikou 硬, 𠕇
Singapore (Hainanese) 硬
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 硬
Wu Shanghai 硬
Shanghai (Chongming) 硬
Suzhou 硬
Danyang 硬
Hangzhou 硬
Ningbo 硬
Wenzhou 硬
Jinhua 硬
Xiang Changsha 硬
Loudi 硬
Shuangfeng 硬

Antonyms

edit
  • (antonym(s) of “hard”): 軟／软 (ruǎn)

Compounds

edit

References

edit

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit
硬

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. Solid, hard, firm.

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit

Korean

edit

Etymology

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

硬 (eumhun 굳을 경 (gudeul gyeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 경 (“harden, stiffen”).

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

硬: Hán Nôm readings: ngạnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=硬&oldid=80242950"