-а
Belarusian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Variant used after non-palatalizable consonants.
Alternative forms edit
- -е (-je)
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-а • (-a)
- Alternative form of -е (-je); used after ш, ч, ж formed as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, as well as sometimes after р.
- па- (pa-, “across, along”) + грані́ца (hraníca, “border”) + -а (-a) → паграні́чча (pahraníčča, “region along the border”)
- за- (za-) + ці́хі (cíxi, “quiet, still”) + -а (-a) → заці́шша (zacíšša, “lull, calm”)
- без- (bjez-, “without”) + даро́га (daróha, “path”) + -а (-a) → бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža, “impassibility”)
- па- (pa-) + ве́цер (vjécjer, “wind”) + -а (-a) → паве́тра (pavjétra, “air”)
Usage notes edit
- Syllable stress is usually drawn onto the syllable before the suffix.
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending.
Alternative forms edit
- -я (-ja) — used for nouns ending in -ь
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-а • (-a)
- Forms the genitive singular of most masculine and neuter nouns.
- Forms the count form of some nouns.
Derived terms edit
Chuvash edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)
- Forms agent nouns: -er, -or
- Forms instrument nouns by means of which the action is performed
- Forms resultative nouns
- Forms nouns of location
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)
- (non-productive) Forms diminutives
Komi-Zyrian edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-а • (-a) (soft stem variant -я)
- Used to form nouns describing the quality of an adjective; -ness
- Used to form adjectives having a characteristic of a noun; -like, -ly
- Used to form postpositions measuring the preceding noun in the quality of an adjective; as ... as
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 61
Russian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
- -я (-ja) — used after a soft consonant
Suffix edit
-а • (-a)
- Noun-forming suffix used to form diminutives of proper names; used after a hard (unpalatalized) consonant.
Etymology 2 edit
From early Proto-Slavic *-ja.
Alternative forms edit
- -а (-a) — non-iotating
Suffix edit
-а • (-a)
- Noun-forming suffix used to form abstract nouns and agent nouns from prefixed stems ending in a consonant that becomes a hushing consonant (ш ж ч щ) when iotated. The final consonant of the stem is iotated before this suffix.
- по- (po-) + клад- (klad-, “to lay, to put”) + -а (-a) → покла́жа (pokláža, “load”)
- пропа́д- (propád-, “to disappear”) + -а (-a) → пропа́жа (propáža, “disappearance, loss”)
- пред- (pred-, “before”) + тек- (tek-, “to flow”) + -а (-a) → предте́ча (predtéča, “forerunner, precursor”)
- переда́т- (peredát-, “to broadcast”) + -а (-a) → переда́ча (peredáča, “broadcast”)
Declension edit
Etymology 3 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a.
Alternative forms edit
- -а (-a) — iotating
Suffix edit
-а • (-a)
- Noun-forming suffix used to form abstract nouns and agent nouns from prefixed stems. The final consonant of the stem is not iotated before this suffix.
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-а (Latin spelling -a)
- Suffix appended to words (usually verbal stems) to create a feminine noun, usually denoting a relation or to form a proper noun.
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending.
Suffix edit
-а (Latin spelling -a)
- Forms the genitive singular of masculine and neuter nouns and indefinite adjectives.
Ukrainian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-a.
Suffix edit
-а • (-a)
- used to form feminine deverbal nouns denoting a result, process or an abstract concept
- загати́ти pf (zahatýty, “to dam up”) + -а (-a) → зага́та f (zaháta, “dam”)
- змогти́ pf (zmohtý, “to be able to, to manage to”) + -а (-a) → змо́га f (zmóha, “ability, possibility, opportunity”)
- сплати́ти pf (splatýty, “to pay”) + -а (-a) → спла́та f (spláta, “pay, payment”)
- послужи́ти pf (poslužýty, “to serve”) + -а (-a) → по́слуга f (pósluha, “service”)
- позичи́ти pf (pozyčýty, “to borrow, to lend”) + -а (-a) → по́зика f (pózyka, “loan”)
- used to form gender neutral nouns denoting a person characterized by the root word
- не- (ne-, “not”) + чепури́тися impf (čepurýtysja, “to smarten oneself up, to preen”) + -а (-a) → нечепу́ра gender-neutral (nečepúra, “a slovenly/unkempt person”)
- при- (pry-) + ве́ред m (véred, “whim, caprice”) + -а (-a) → привере́да gender-neutral (pryveréda, “a picky/capricious person”)
- нікче́м(ний) (nikčém(nyj), “good-for-nothing, worthless, insignificant”) + -а (-a) → нікче́ма gender-neutral (nikčéma, “good-for-nothing, looser, zero, nonentity, crumb”)
- used to form feminine counterparts of masculine nouns
Usage notes edit
- This suffix does not cause palatalization/iotation.
- This suffix is always attached to the original unpalatalized form of the root: обложи́ти pf (obložýty), поважа́ти impf (považáty), означа́ти impf (označáty) → обло́га f (oblóha), пова́га f (pováha), озна́ка f (oznáka).
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-ja.
Alternative forms edit
- -я (-ja) — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ
Suffix edit
-а • (-a)
- Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ
- зада́ти pf (zadáty, “to assign, to raise (question)”) + -я (-ja) → зада́ча f (zadáča, “task, problem”)
- огороди́ти pf (ohorodýty, “to fence in, to enclose”) + -я (-ja) → огоро́жа f (ohoróža, “fence”)
- пло́ский (plóskyj, “flat”) + -я (-ja) → пло́ща f (plóšča, “square”)
- ти́хий (týxyj, “quiet, silent”) + -я (-ja) → ти́ша f (týša, “silence, quietness”)
- утекти́ pf (utektý, “to flee, to escape”) + -я (-ja) → уте́ча f (utéča, “flight, run”)
Etymology 3 edit
Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-ę.
Alternative forms edit
- -я (-ja) — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ
Suffix edit
-а • (-a)
- Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ
Derived terms edit
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian suffixes
- Belarusian noun-forming suffixes
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Chuvash lemmas
- Chuvash suffixes
- Komi-Zyrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Komi-Zyrian lemmas
- Komi-Zyrian suffixes
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian suffixes
- Russian noun-forming suffixes
- Russian diminutive suffixes
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian sibilant-stem feminine-form nouns
- Russian sibilant-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian suffixes
- Ukrainian noun-forming suffixes