-ma
Azerbaijani edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
preceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü |
-ma | -mə |
-ma
- Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
preceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü |
-ma | -mə |
-ma
- Form of -mə after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Bambara edit
Suffix edit
-ma
- particle indicating a link between two people
Derived terms edit
Suffix edit
-ma
- particle creating adjectives from common nouns
Derived terms edit
Choctaw edit
Suffix edit
-ma
See also edit
- -pa (“this”)
Dutch edit
Suffix edit
-ma
- occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names.
Estonian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.
Suffix edit
-ma (da-infinitive -ta)
- Forms verbs from nouns.
Inflection edit
indicative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -an | ei -a | 1st sing. | olen -anud | ei ole -anud pole -anud | ||||
2nd sing. | -ad | 2nd sing. | oled -anud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -ab | 3rd sing. | on -anud | ||||||
1st plur. | -ame | 1st plur. | oleme -anud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -ate | 2nd plur. | olete -anud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -avad | 3rd plur. | on -anud | ||||||
passive | -atakse | ei -ata | passive | on -atud | ei ole -atud pole -atud | ||||
past | pluperfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -asin | ei -anud | 1st sing. | olin -anud | ei olnud -anud polnud -anud | ||||
2nd sing. | -asid | 2nd sing. | olid -anud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -as | 3rd sing. | oli -anud | ||||||
1st plur. | -asime | 1st plur. | olime -anud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -asite | 2nd plur. | olite -anud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -asid | 3rd plur. | oli -anud | ||||||
passive | -ati | ei -atud | passive | oli -atud | ei olnud -atud polnud -atud | ||||
conditional | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | -aksin | ei -aks | 1st sing. | -anuksin oleksin -anud |
ei -anuks ei oleks -anud poleks -anud | ||||
2nd sing. | -aksid | 2nd sing. | -anuksid oleksid -anud | ||||||
3rd sing. | -aks | 3rd sing. | -anuks oleks -anud | ||||||
1st plur. | -aksime | 1st plur. | -anuksime oleksime -anud | ||||||
2nd plur. | -aksite | 2nd plur. | -anuksite oleksite -anud | ||||||
3rd plur. | -aksid | 3rd plur. | -anuksid oleksid -anud | ||||||
passive | -ataks | ei -ataks | passive | oleks -atud | ei oleks -atud poleks -atud | ||||
imperative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
2nd sing. | -a | ära -a | 2nd sing. | ole -anud | ära ole -anud | ||||
3rd sing. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd sing. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud | ||||
1st plur. | -akem | ärme -ame ärme -a ärgem -akem |
1st plur. | olgem -anud | ärme oleme -anud ärme ole -anud ärgem olgem -anud | ||||
2nd plur. | -ake | ärge -ake | 2nd plur. | olge -anud | ärge olge -anud | ||||
3rd plur. | -aku | ärgu -aku | 3rd plur. | olgu -anud | ärgu olgu -anud | ||||
passive | -atagu | ärgu -atagu | passive | olgu -atud | ärgu olgu -atud | ||||
quotative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
active | -avat | ei -avat | active | olevat -anud | ei olevat -anud polevat -anud | ||||
passive | -atavat | ei -atavat | passive | olevat -atud | ei olevat -atud polevat -atud | ||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||
ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
nominative | -ama | -atama | nominative | -ata | olla -anud | ||||
illative | — | inessive | -ates | olles -anud | |||||
inessive | -amas | participle | active | passive | |||||
elative | -amast | present | -av | -atav | |||||
translative | -amaks | past | -anud | -atud | |||||
abessive | -amata | negative | -amatu | — |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.
Suffix edit
-ma
- The suffix of the ma-infinitive, which is the lemma form of a verb.
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma (compare Moksha -ма (-ma) in эряма (eŕama, “life”), кулома (kuloma, “death”)).
Suffix edit
-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)
- Forms action/result nouns from verbs.
- (unproductive) Forms some diminutive nouns.
Inflection edit
Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ma | -mat | ||
genitive | -man | -mien | ||
partitive | -maa | -mia | ||
illative | -maan | -miin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | -ma | -mat | ||
accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat | |
gen. | -man | |||
genitive | -man | -mien -mainrare | ||
partitive | -maa | -mia | ||
inessive | -massa | -missa | ||
elative | -masta | -mista | ||
illative | -maan | -miin | ||
adessive | -malla | -milla | ||
ablative | -malta | -milta | ||
allative | -malle | -mille | ||
essive | -mana | -mina | ||
translative | -maksi | -miksi | ||
abessive | -matta | -mitta | ||
instructive | — | -min | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma.
Suffix edit
-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)
- The suffix of the agent participle.
- The third infinitive suffix; not used on its own, and always receives one of a number of case endings.
Inflection edit
Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ma | -mat | |
genitive | -man | -mien | |
partitive | -maa | -mia | |
illative | -maan | -miin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -ma | -mat | |
accusative | nom. | -ma | -mat |
gen. | -man | ||
genitive | -man | -mien -mainrare | |
partitive | -maa | -mia | |
inessive | -massa | -missa | |
elative | -masta | -mista | |
illative | -maan | -miin | |
adessive | -malla | -milla | |
ablative | -malta | -milta | |
allative | -malle | -mille | |
essive | -mana | -mina | |
translative | -maksi | -miksi | |
abessive | -matta | -mitta | |
instructive | — | -min | |
comitative | — | -mine |
Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
Garo edit
Etymology edit
Might be somewhat related to Chinese 嗎/吗. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Suffix edit
-ma
- Final particle which turns the sentence into a polar question.
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me. [1]
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ma
Usage notes edit
- (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
- -ma is added to back-vowel words
- -me is added to front-vowel words
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -ma | -mák |
accusative | -mát | -mákat |
dative | -mának | -máknak |
instrumental | -mával | -mákkal |
causal-final | -máért | -mákért |
translative | -mává | -mákká |
terminative | -máig | -mákig |
essive-formal | -maként | -mákként |
essive-modal | -mául | -mákul |
inessive | -mában | -mákban |
superessive | -mán | -mákon |
adessive | -mánál | -máknál |
illative | -mába | -mákba |
sublative | -mára | -mákra |
allative | -mához | -mákhoz |
elative | -mából | -mákból |
delative | -máról | -mákról |
ablative | -mától | -máktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-máé | -máké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-máéi | -mákéi |
Possessive forms of -ma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | -mám | -máim |
2nd person sing. | -mád | -máid |
3rd person sing. | -mája | -mái |
1st person plural | -mánk | -máink |
2nd person plural | -mátok | -máitok |
3rd person plural | -májuk | -máik |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ -ma in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognates include Finnish -ma and Estonian -m.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ma (front vowel variant -mä)
- Used to form result nouns from verbs.
Declension edit
Declension of -ma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -ma | -mat |
genitive | -man | -mmiin |
partitive | -mmaa | -mmia |
illative | -mmaa | -mmii |
inessive | -mas | -mis |
elative | -mast | -mist |
allative | -malle | -mille |
adessive | -mal | -mil |
ablative | -malt | -milt |
translative | -maks | -miks |
essive | -manna, -mmaan | -minna, -mmiin |
exessive1) | -mant | -mint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms edit
Kambera edit
Pronoun edit
-ma
See also edit
Kari'na edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma, Ye'kwana -ma. Likely also ultimately related to the postposition me (“functioning as”).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ma
- Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations, but often ‘to cause to become or gain the qualities of’.
- Forms transitive verbs from loanwords.
Derived terms edit
References edit
Laboya edit
Pronoun edit
-ma
See also edit
Latvian edit
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ma
- Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).
Derived terms edit
Murui Huitoto edit
Etymology edit
Cognates include Minica Huitoto -ma and Nüpode Huitoto -ma.
Pronunciation edit
Classifier edit
-ma
- Classifier for masculine animate nouns.
Coordinate terms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)[3] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 170
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[4], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 207
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ma
Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Ottoman Turkish ـما (-ma).
Suffix edit
-ma
- Form of -me (negates verbs) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
- Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.
- I won't weep for you any more.
Etymology 2 edit
From Ottoman Turkish ـمه (-ma).
Suffix edit
-ma
- Form of -me (forms verbal nouns) after the vowels A / I / O / U.
- Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.
- I really don't like to be forgotten.
Warlpiri edit
Suffix edit
-ma
Ye'kwana edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Kari'na -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ma
- Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations.
Usage notes edit
Derivations with this suffix are often not transparent, with various changes being found in the stem. Quite likely such derivations are old and this suffix has long since stopped being productive.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “-ma”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[5], Lyon, page 148
- Azerbaijani non-lemma forms
- Azerbaijani suffix forms
- Bambara lemmas
- Bambara suffixes
- Choctaw lemmas
- Choctaw suffixes
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- Dutch noun-forming suffixes
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Estonian verb-forming suffixes
- Estonian hüppama-type verbs
- Estonian inflectional suffixes
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish noun-forming suffixes
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Finnish adjective-forming suffixes
- Garo lemmas
- Garo suffixes
- Hungarian words originating from the language reform
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with rare senses
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian suffixes
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera pronouns
- Kambera pronominal clitics
- Kari'na terms inherited from Proto-Cariban
- Kari'na terms derived from Proto-Cariban
- Kari'na terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kari'na lemmas
- Kari'na suffixes
- Laboya lemmas
- Laboya pronouns
- Laboya pronominal clitics
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian suffixes
- Murui Huitoto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Murui Huitoto lemmas
- Murui Huitoto classifiers
- Pali non-lemma forms
- Pali suffix forms
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish non-lemma forms
- Turkish suffix forms
- Turkish terms with usage examples
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Warlpiri lemmas
- Warlpiri suffixes
- Ye'kwana terms inherited from Proto-Cariban
- Ye'kwana terms derived from Proto-Cariban
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana suffixes