Appendix:Old Irish conjugation of is
| Form | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ind. | Present | am | at, it | is | ammi, ammin(n), immi | adib, idib, adi | it |
| Pres.rel. | nondaL | nondaL | asL/N | nondan, nnundan, nundem | nondad | ataL/N, at | |
| Pres.interrog. | inda | — | in imbí (habitual) |
— | — | indat | |
| Pres.neg. | nítaL, nídaL | nít(a)L, nídaL | ní nipi, nibi, níbí (habitual) |
nítanL, nídanL, nitam | nítad, nídad | níta(a)t, nídat, nít, nis | |
| Pres.neg.rel. | (direct) nádL (indirect) nan(d), na(n)t, ná(i)ch |
(direct) natat (indirect) nandat | |||||
| Pres.neg.interr. | — | cenita | cani, cini | — | — | — | |
| Past | basa | basat | ba | — | — | batir | |
| Past rel. | ba | batar | |||||
| Past neg. | nipsa | — | nípu, níbu, níbo, nípo, níp | — | — | ||
| Past neg. rel. | — | — | napo, nadmbu | — | — | — | |
| Past neg.interr. | cainipsa | — | — | — | — | ||
| Perfect | rupsa, ropsa, robsa | robsat | rupu, rubu, ropu, rob(b)u, ropo | robum(m)ar | — | robtar, roptar | |
| Perfect rel. | romsa, rumsa | romsa, rumsa | rombu, rombo | — | — | romtar, rumtar | |
| Perfect neg. | nirbsa | — | nírbu, nírbo | nírbommar | — | nirubtar | |
| Perfect neg. rel. | — | — | nárbu | — | — | — | |
| Sbj. | Present | ba | ba | ba, bá | — | bede | bat |
| Pres.rel. | — | — | bes, bas | numman | — | bete, beta, beda, bata | |
| Pres.interrog. | — | — | im(b), imbo, indip, indib | — | — | innabet | |
| Pres.neg. | niba | — | níbo, níp | — | — | — | |
| Pres.neg.rel. | náp, nab | — | nábad, nambaid | napat | |||
| Past | bin, benn | — | bid, bith, fid (misspelled lenited form) | bemmis, bimmis | — | betis, bitis | |
| Past rel. | bed, bad | — | |||||
| Past neg. | — | — | nibed, níbad | ní bimmis | — | — | |
| Past neg. rel. | námmin | — | nábad | — | — | — | |
| Imperative | ba | bad, pad, bed | ban, baán | bad, bed | bat | ||
| Future | be | ba | bid, bith | bemmi, bimmi, bami | — | bit | |
| Future relative | — | — | besL, basL | — | — | betaL | |
| Future negative | — | — | nípa, níba, níbbá | — | — | nipat, níbat | |
| Conditional | — | — | bedL (relative) | — | — | — | |
| Verbal noun | buith | ||||||
Combined forms
| Preceding term | Present indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | |
| ara (“for/before whom/which”) | — | — | arndid | — | — | — |
| cía (“although; whatever etc.”) | — | — | cesuL, cíasuL, cesoL, cíasoL, cíasaL, cid | cíammin | cenutad, cenotad, cenuded | cetuL, cetoL, cíatoL |
| cía + ní (“although ... not; whatever ... not etc.”) | — | — | cenid, cinid, cinith | — | — | — |
| coN (“so that”) | conda | conda | con(d)id combi (habitual) |
condanL | condad | condat |
| coN + nách (“so that ... not”) | — | — | connách | — | — | — |
| dïa (“from/of whom/which; to/for whom/which”) | — | — | dïandid, dïan(t) | — | — | dïan(d)at |
| dïa + nád (“from/of whom/which ... not; to/for whom/which ... not”) | — | — | — | — | — | donnatdet |
| frissa (“against whom/which”) | — | — | frisin, frisnid | — | — | frisndat |
| i (“in whom/which”) | — | — | indid, innid | — | — | indat |
| lasa (“with whom/which”) | — | — | lasin lasmbi (habitual) |
— | — | — |
| má (“if”) | — | madda | mas(s)uL, másuL, masoL, masaL | — | — | matuL |
| má + ní (“if ... not”) | — | — | manid | — | — | — |
| oa (“from which”) | — | — | hónid, óndid | — | — | — |
| sech (“and yet”) | sechi (“whoever/whatever it is”) | sechitat (“whoever/whatever they are”) | ||||
| Preceding term | Past indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | |
| aN (“when”) | — | — | — | — | — | (an)amtar |
| cía (“although”) | — | — | cepu | — | — | cebtar, ciaptar |
| dia (“from/of whom/which; to/for whom/which”) | — | — | diambu | — | — | — |
| Preceding term | Perfect indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | |
| aN (“when”) | anarbsa, annarobsa | — | — | — | — | — |
| cía (“although”) | — | — | — | — | — | ceruptar |
| coN | corupsa | — | cor(ro)bu, conrubu | — | — | conruptar |
| i (“in whom/which”) | — | — | — | — | — | híroptar |
| lasa (“with whom/which”) | — | — | lasinrubu | — | — | — |
| Preceding term | Present subjunctive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | |
| ara (“for/before whom/which; in order that”) | — | armba | a(i)rimp, arim, a(i)rndip, airndib | — | — | armbat |
| ara + ní/nád (“for/before whom/which…not; in order that…not, lest”) | — | — | arnap | — | — | — |
| bés (“perhaps”) | — | — | bésu, béso | — | — | — |
| bés (“perhaps”) | — | — | bésu, béso | — | — | — |
| cía (“whatever etc.”) | ciaba | ciaba, ciafa | cíab, cib, cip | — | — | — |
| cía (“although”) | — | — | c(e)ith, cid, ceth cithisse (“it is even he”) |
— | — | cit |
| cía + ní (“although ... not; whatever ... not etc.”) | — | — | cenib, cenip, cinip | — | — | cinbat |
| coN (“so that”) | — | comba | condip, condib | comman | combad | combat |
| coN + ro- (“so that”) | — | — | corrup, cor(r)op, corub | — | — | — |
| día (“if”) | díam | — | díam, dem | — | díambad | — |
| má (“if”) | — | — | ma(i)d | — | ma[nba]d | mat |
| má + ní (“if ... not”) | mainba | — | ma(i)nip | — | — | mainbet |
| ro- | — | — | rop(o), rob(o), robu, rodbo | — | — | ropatL |
| sech (“and yet”) | sechib, sechip (“whoever/whatever it may be”) | — | ||||
| Preceding term | Past subjunctive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | |
| aN (“when”) | — | — | — | — | — | amtis |
| ara (“for/before whom/which; in order that”) | armbenn | — | ar(i)mbad | — | — | airmdis, airmtis |
| cía (“although”) | — | — | cid | — | — | — |
| coN (“so that”) | combin, commin | — | combed, combad, combath | commim(m)is | — | comtis |
| coN + ní/nád (“so that ... not”) | — | — | conapad | — | — | coniptis conabdis |
| coN + ro- (“so that”) | — | — | corpad | — | — | — |
| día (“if”) | — | — | diambad | — | — | — |
| má (“if”) | — | — | mad | — | — | matis |
| má + ní (“if ... not”) | — | — | mainbed, mainbad, manib(b)ad, manipad | — | — | maniptis |
| ro- | — | — | robad | — | — | — |
| Preceding term | Future | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | |
| aN (“when”) | — | — | — | — | — | ambat, anambet |
| i (“in whom/which”) | — | — | imba | — | — | — |
| Preceding term | Conditional | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | |
| ro- | — | — | rop(p)adL, ro(m)badL | — | — | robtis, roptis |
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization