Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/springaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sprenǵʰ-, nasalised form of Proto-Indo-European *sperǵʰ- (“to move energetically, hurry, spring”). Compare Albanian shpërthej (“to pop open, puncture, lance, make explode, blow up”), Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push (in)”), Ancient Greek σπέρχω (spérkhō, “to set in rapid motion, haste, hurry”), Sanskrit स्पृहयति (spṛháyati, “to be eager”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspriŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*springaną

1. to spring, to jump up
2. to burst, to explode

Inflection

Conjugation of *springaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*springō	*springaų	—	*springai	?
2nd singular	*springizi	*springaiz	*spring	*springazai	*springaizau
3rd singular	*springidi	*springai	*springadau	*springadai	*springaidau
1st dual	*springōz	*springaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*springadiz	*springaidiz	*springadiz	—	—
1st plural	*springamaz	*springaim	—	*springandai	*springaindau
2nd plural	*springid	*springaid	*springid	*springandai	*springaindau
3rd plural	*springandi	*springain	*springandau	*springandai	*springaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sprang	*sprungį̄
2nd singular	*spranht	*sprungīz
3rd singular	*sprang	*sprungī
1st dual	*sprungū	*sprungīw
2nd dual	*sprungudiz	*sprungīdiz
1st plural	*sprungum	*sprungīm
2nd plural	*sprungud	*sprungīd
3rd plural	*sprungun	*sprungīn
	present	past
participles	*springandz	*sprunganaz

Derived terms

• *sprangaz
• *sprangijaną
• *sprangōną
• *sprungiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *springan
  • Old English: springan
    • Middle English: spryngen, spring, springe, springen, springgen, springuen, sprinke, spryng, sprynge, spryngge, sprynggyn, sprynghe; sprinken
      • English: spring; sprink
      • Scots: spring
  • Old Frisian: springa
    • Saterland Frisian: springe
    • West Frisian: springe
  • Old Saxon: springan, sprengan
    • Middle Low German: springen
      • German Low German: springen
  • Old Dutch: *springan
    • Middle Dutch: springen
      • Dutch: springen
        • Afrikaans: spring
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: pringgi
        • Jersey Dutch: spring, springe, spränge
        • Negerhollands: spriṅ
      • Limburgish: springe
  • Old High German: springan
    • Middle High German: springen
      • Alemannic German: springe, schpringe
      • Cimbrian: springen
      • German: springen
      • Luxembourgish: sprangen
      • Pennsylvania German: schpringe
      • Yiddish: שפּרינגען (shpringen)
• Old Norse: springa
  • Icelandic: springa
  • Faroese: springa
  • Norwegian: springe, sprekke
  • Old Swedish: springa
    • Swedish: springa, spricka
  • Old Danish: springæ
    • Danish: springe, sprække
  • Gutnish: springge, springga