Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós
 |
This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European edit
Suffix edit
*(Ø)-tós[1]
- Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems.
Inflection edit
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *(Ø)-tós | *(Ø)-téh₂ | |
| genitive | *(Ø)-tósyo | *(Ø)-téh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *(Ø)-tós | *(Ø)-tóh₁ | *(Ø)-tóes |
| vocative | *(Ø)-té | *(Ø)-tóh₁ | *(Ø)-tóes |
| accusative | *(Ø)-tóm | *(Ø)-tóh₁ | *(Ø)-tóms |
| genitive | *(Ø)-tósyo | *? | *(Ø)-tóHom |
| ablative | *(Ø)-téad | *? | *(Ø)-tómos |
| dative | *(Ø)-tóey | *? | *(Ø)-tómos |
| locative | *(Ø)-téy, *(Ø)-tóy | *? | *(Ø)-tóysu |
| instrumental | *(Ø)-tóh₁ | *? | *(Ø)-tṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *(Ø)-téh₂ | *(Ø)-téh₂h₁(e) | *(Ø)-téh₂es |
| vocative | *(Ø)-téh₂ | *(Ø)-téh₂h₁(e) | *(Ø)-téh₂es |
| accusative | *(Ø)-tā́m | *(Ø)-téh₂h₁(e) | *(Ø)-téh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *(Ø)-téh₂s | *? | *(Ø)-téh₂oHom |
| ablative | *(Ø)-téh₂s | *? | *(Ø)-téh₂mos |
| dative | *(Ø)-téh₂ey | *? | *(Ø)-téh₂mos |
| locative | *(Ø)-téh₂, *(Ø)-téh₂i | *? | *(Ø)-téh₂su |
| instrumental | *(Ø)-téh₂h₁ | *? | *(Ø)-téh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *(Ø)-tóm | *(Ø)-tóy(h₁) | *(Ø)-téh₂ |
| vocative | *(Ø)-tóm | *(Ø)-tóy(h₁) | *(Ø)-téh₂ |
| accusative | *(Ø)-tóm | *(Ø)-tóy(h₁) | *(Ø)-téh₂ |
| genitive | *(Ø)-tósyo | *? | *(Ø)-tóHom |
| ablative | *(Ø)-téad | *? | *(Ø)-tómos |
| dative | *(Ø)-tóey | *? | *(Ø)-tómos |
| locative | *(Ø)-téy, *(Ø)-tóy | *? | *(Ø)-tóysu |
| instrumental | *(Ø)-tóh₁ | *? | *(Ø)-tṓys |
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tas
- Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (some past passive participles)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-tós
- Ancient Greek: -τός (-tós)
- Proto-Germanic: *-daz (all weak past participles, a few adjectives), *-taz, *-þaz, *-saz (post-consonantal allomorphs)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tás, *-dás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *-tos, *-sos
References edit
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN