Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷoynéh₂

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *kʷey- (“to pay”) +‎ *-néh₂.

Noun

*kʷoynéh₂

1. payment
2. punishment, vengeance

Inflection

Thematic in *-eh₂
	singular
nominative	*kʷoynéh₂
genitive	*kʷoynéh₂s
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷoynéh₂	*kʷoynéh₂h₁(e)	*kʷoynéh₂es
vocative	*kʷoynéh₂	*kʷoynéh₂h₁(e)	*kʷoynéh₂es
accusative	*kʷoynā́m	*kʷoynéh₂h₁(e)	*kʷoynéh₂m̥s
genitive	*kʷoynéh₂s	*?	*kʷoynéh₂oHom
ablative	*kʷoynéh₂s	*?	*kʷoynéh₂mos
dative	*kʷoynéh₂ey	*?	*kʷoynéh₂mos
locative	*kʷoynéh₂, *kʷoynéh₂i	*?	*kʷoynéh₂su
instrumental	*kʷoynéh₂h₁	*?	*kʷoynéh₂mis

Descendants

• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: քէն (kʻēn)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kainā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *kʷoinā́
  • Ancient Greek: ποινή (poinḗ)
    • → Latin: poena (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaynáH
  • Proto-Iranian: *kaynáH
    • Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (kaēnā)
    • Baluchi: [script needed] (kēnaγ)
    • Gurani: قین (qīn)
    • Kurdish:

      Northern Kurdish: kîn (kīn)

      Central Kurdish: قین (qîn)

      Southern Kurdish: قین (qîn)

    • Old Persian: [script needed] (kainā́)
      • Middle Persian: kyn' (kēn)
        • Classical Persian:
          • Persian: کین (kin)
          • Tajik: кин (kin)
    • Ossetian: кийнӕ (kijnæ), кенӕ (kenæ)