Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bạl

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Original meaning must have been some sort of viscous liquid, see potential cognates *balčïk (“mud”) and *bālïk (“fish”) for more.

Noun

*bạl

1. honey

Declension

Declension of *bạl

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*bạl
Accusative	*bạlnï, *bạlïg 4), *bạlnïg 1)
Genitive	*bạlnïŋ
Dative	*bạlka
Locative	*bạlta
Ablative	*bạltan
Allative	*bạlgaru
Instrumental 2)	*bạlïn
Equative 2)	*bạlča
Similative 2)	*bạllayu
Comitative 2)	*bạllïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• →? Proto-Mongolic: *bal
  • Mongolian: бал (bal)
• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: пыл (pyl)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: bal
    • Ottoman Turkish: بال (bal)
      • Gagauz: bal
      • Turkish: bal
  • Salar: bal
  • Turkmen: bal
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: بال (bal)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: بال
      • Uyghur: بال (bal)
      • Uzbek: bol
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: bal
    • Karachay-Balkar: бал (bal)
    • Karaim: бал
    • Kumyk: бал (bal)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: бал (bal)
    • Tatar: бал (bal)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: pal
      • Kazakh: бал (bal)
      • Nogai: бал (bal)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: бал (bal)
      • Southern Altai: бал (bal)
• Siberian:
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: бал (bal)
      • Shor: пал

See also

Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Strawberry	strawberry: *yidgelek	Apple	apple: *almïla
Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bạl
Millet	millet: *tạrïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: *turp, *turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bạl”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill