af-
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse af-. Compare German ab-, Swedish av-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
af-
- de-, to cause to cease to be
- tabuisere (“to taboo”) -> aftabuisere (“to detaboo”)
- klassificere (“classify, make classified (secret)”) -> afklassificere (“declassify, make unclassified”)
- militarisere (“militarize”) -> afmilitarisere (“demilitarize”)
- mystificere (“mystify”) -> afmystificere (“demystify”)
- off, from (signifies removal)
Synonyms edit
- (de-): de-
Derived terms edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *ab.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
af-
Derived terms edit
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
af-
- Romanization of 𐌰𐍆-
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse af-, from Proto-Germanic *aba-.
Prefix edit
af-
Derived terms edit
Old English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *aba-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
af-
Usage notes edit
- This is a verbal prefix. The noun counterpart of this prefix is æf-.
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *aba-. Cognate with Old Norse æf-.
Prefix edit
af-
- away, off, from, away from
- excessively, negatively
Derived terms edit
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *aba-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
af-
Scots edit
Prefix edit
af-
References edit
- “af-, pref.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Swedish edit
Prefix edit
af-
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Brythonic *aβ̃-, from Proto-Celtic *am-, allophonic variant of *an- before *b and *ɸ.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
af-
- not, un-, non-, an-, dis-, negative prefix
- Synonym: an-
- af- + glân (“clean; honest”) → aflan (“corrupt, evil”)
- af- + llwyddiannus (“successful”) → aflwyddiannus (“unsuccessful”)
- af- + rhwydd (“easy”) → afrwydd (“difficult”)
- af- + iechyd (“health”) → afiechyd (“sickness, illness”)
Usage notes edit
The prefix af- triggers the soft mutation. It is used only before gl, ll, rh, and consonantal i, with an- used elsewhere.
Derived terms edit
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
af- | unchanged | unchanged | haf- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “af-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies