biec
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *běťi. First attested in 1467.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
biec impf (determinate, indeterminate biegać)
- (attested in Lesser Poland) to run (of living things: to move quickly on foot)
- 1885-2024 [1467], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne[2], volume VIII, Chęciny, page 20:
- Jakom ya Stachny... nye byl..., gdy byegla do syna swego zabytego
- [Jakom ja Stachny... nie bił..., gdy biegła do syna swego zabitego]
Derived terms edit
verbs
Related terms edit
adjectives
nouns
verbs
Descendants edit
- Polish: biec
References edit
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “biec”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “biec”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “biec”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “biec”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “biec”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish biec. Cognate with Lithuanian bė́gti (“to run”) and Ancient Greek φέβομαι (phébomai, “to flee”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
biec impf (determinate, perfective pobiec, indeterminate biegać)
- (intransitive) to run (of living things: to move quickly on foot)
- Pies biegnie do swojego pana. ― The dog runs to his master.
- (intransitive) to run, to rush (to rush somewhere in order to accomplish a specific task) [+ po (accusative) = for what/whom] or [+infinitive case = to do what], [+ do/dokąd (object) = to what/where]
- (intransitive, of objects) to run, to race, to roll (to move across a surface in a particular direction)
- Pociąg biegnie co dwadzieścia minut. ― The train runs every ten minutes.
- Chmury biegną po niebie. ― Clouds move across/in the sky.
- (intransitive) to run, to go, to lead (to form a route)
- Te tory kolejowe biegną do starego portu. ― These railway tracks run to the old port.
- (intransitive, of objects in time) to fly, to race (to pass by very quickly; to proceed very fast)
- Czas biegnie. ― Time flies.
- życie biegnie ― Life flies by.
- lata biegną ― The years run by.
- (intransitive, of objects in time) to progress (to develop or change with time)
- Akcja biegnie. ― The action progresses.
- Historia biegnie. ― The story unfolds.
- (intransitive, law) to begin, to run (to begin and continue) [+ od (genitive) = from when]
- Przedawnienie biegnie od... ― The statute of limitations runs from...
Conjugation edit
Archaic conjugation:
Derived terms edit
verbs
- dobiec pf, dobiegnąć pf, dobiegać impf
- nabiec pf, nabiegnąć pf, nabiegać impf
- nadbiec pf, nadbiegnąć pf, nadbiegać impf
- obiec pf, obiegnąć pf, obiegać impf
- odbiec pf, odbiegnąć pf, odbiegać impf
- pobiec pf, pobiegnąć pf, pobiegać impf
- podbiec pf, podbiegnąć pf, podbiegać impf
- przebiec pf, przebiegnąć pf, przebiegać impf
- przybiec pf, przybiegnąć pf, przybiegać impf
- rozbiec pf, rozbiegnąć pf, rozbiegać impf
- ubiec pf, ubiegnąć pf, ubiegać impf
- wbiec pf, wbiegnąć pf, wbiegać impf
- wybiec pf, wybiegnąć pf, wybiegać impf
- zabiec pf, zabiegnąć pf, zabiegać impf
- zbiec pf, zbiegnąć pf, zbiegać impf
verbs
- wzrok biegnie impf
Related terms edit
adjective
nouns
verb
Collocations edit
Collocations
- biec chodnikiem ― to run down the sidewalk
- biec korytarzem ― to run down the hall
- biec do mety ― to run to the finish line
- biec do drzwi ― to run to the door
- biec do łazienki ― to run to the bathroom
- biec po schodach ― to run to run upstairs/downstairs
- biec boso ― to run barefoot
- biec prosto przed siebie ― to run straight ahead
- biec ile sił w nogach ― to run as fast as one can
- biec kłusem ― to trot
- biec truchtem ― to trot/jog
- biec i krzyczeć ― to run and yell
- tupot biegnących ― the stomping of people running
- biec do banku ― to run to the bank
- biec do domu ― to run home
- biec do kiosku ― to run to a kiosk
- biec do pracy ― to run to work
- biec do sklepu ― to run to the store
- biec do szkoły ― to run to school
- biec do telefonu ― to run to the phone
- biec po pomoc ― to run for help
- biec kupić ― to run to buy (something)
- biec sprawdzić ― to run to check (something)
- biec szukać ― to run to look for (something)
- Droga biegnie wzdłuż kanionu. ― The road runs along the canyon.
- biec nieubłaganie ― to pass inexorably
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), biec is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 9 times in scientific texts, 2 times in news, 2 times in essays, 37 times in fiction, and 8 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 58 times, making it the 1104th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- biec in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- biec in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “biec”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “biec”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[3]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “biec”, in Słownik języka polskiego[4] (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 147
- biec in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Categories:
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish verbs
- Old Polish determinate verbs
- Old Polish imperfective verbs
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish concrete verbs
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛt͡s
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛt͡s/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish verbs
- Polish determinate verbs
- Polish imperfective verbs
- Polish intransitive verbs
- Polish terms with usage examples
- pl:Law
- Polish terms with collocations