boleh
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Malay boleh, which is derived from an earlier form bulih, from Proto-Malayic *mArulih. The change in the sound of this word can be reconstructed as follows: *mArulih > *mərulih > *bər-ulih > *brulih > bulih > boleh, from which the verb was derived. Doublet of beroleh and peroleh.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
bolèh (auxiliary verb)
- may (to have permission to, be allowed. used in granting permission and in a question to make a polite request)
- Kamu boleh memakan ikan ini.
- You may eat this fish.
- Bolehkah aku memakai pensilmu?
- May I use your pencil?
- can
Usage notes edit
- All the uncommon senses in this word are actually common in Sumatra, especially in Riau and several other areas.
Derived terms edit
Affixed terms
Compound terms
Proverbs with the word boleh
- ada hujan ada panas, ada hari boleh balas
- alah menang tak tahu, bersorak boleh
- asal ada sama di hati, gajah terantai boleh dilepaskan
- bertali boleh dieret, bertampuk boleh dijinjing
- bertali boleh dieret, bertampuk boleh dijinjing
- bintang di langit boleh dibilang, tetapi arang di muka tak sadar
- bulat boleh digulingkan, pipih boleh dilayangkan
- dalam laut boleh diajuk, dalam hati siapa tahu
- hilang bini boleh dicari, hilang budi badan celaka
- hitam mata itu mana boleh bercerai dengan putihnya
- jerih menentang boleh, rugi menentang laba
- jika tidak pecah ruyung, di mana boleh mendapat sagu
- malang tak boleh ditolak, mujur tak boleh diraih
- mujur tidak boleh diraih, malang tidak boleh ditolak
- mulut bajan boleh ditutup, mulut manusia tidak
- pecak boleh dilayangkan, bulat boleh digulingkan, batu segiling pecak setepik
- rugi menentang laba, jerih menentang boleh
- rupa boleh diubah, tabiat dibawa mati
- suku tak boleh dianjak, malu tak boleh diagih
- tak boleh bertemu roma
- terlongsong perahu boleh balik, terlongsong cakap tak boleh balik
- tuah ayam boleh dilihat, tuah manusia siapa tahu
- utang emas boleh dibayar, utang budi dibawa mati
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “boleh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From earlier bulih. The derivation can be reconstructed from Proto-Malayic *mAɣ-ulih via these stages: *mAɣ-ulih > *mar-ulih > *bar-ulih > *bər-ulih > *brulih* > bulih > boleh, from which the verb was derived. Doublet of beroleh, see also oleh.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
boleh (Jawi spelling بوليه)
- (Sumatra, Riau, Malay Peninsular) can (to be able to)
- Synonyms: reti, mampu, berkeupayaan, dapat
- Saya boleh menyanyi.
- I can sing.
- may (to have permission to)
- Bolehkah saya pergi ke tandas?
- May I go to the toilet?
Derived terms edit
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- membolehkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- kebolehan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- seboleh-bolehnya (“as far as possible”)
- boleh jadi (“maybe”)
- boleh terima (“acceptance; admissibility”)
- boleh ubah (“variable”)
- Malaysia Boleh (“Malaysia can do it”)
Descendants edit
See also edit
References edit
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “بوله bolih”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 66
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “بوله buleh”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 133
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “boleh”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 149
Further reading edit
- “boleh” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Categories:
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/lɛh
- Rhymes:Indonesian/lɛh/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ɛh
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ɛh/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Indonesian/h
- Rhymes:Indonesian/h/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian verbs
- Indonesian auxiliary verbs
- Indonesian terms with usage examples
- Indonesian terms with uncommon senses
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay doublets
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/oleh
- Rhymes:Malay/leh
- Rhymes:Malay/eh
- Malay lemmas
- Malay verbs
- Malay verbs without transitivity
- Riau Malay
- Malay terms with usage examples