confirmation

See also: confirmâtion

English

Etymology

From Middle English confirmacioun, from Old French confirmacion, from Latin cōnfirmātiō, noun of process from cōnfirmātus (“confirmed”), perfect passive participle of cōnfirmāre, from con- (“with”) + firmāre (“to firm or strengthen”).

Morphologically confirm +‎ -ation.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌkʰɑɱ.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃn̩]
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌkɒn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌkʰɒɱ.fəˈmeɪ.ʃn̩]

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪʃən
• Hyphenation US: con‧fir‧ma‧tion, UK: con‧firm‧a‧tion

Noun

confirmation (countable and uncountable, plural confirmations)

1. An official indicator that things will happen as planned.

   We will send you a written confirmation of your hotel booking.

2. A verification that something is true or has happened.

   The announcement in the newspaper was a confirmation of my suspicions.

   • 1999 March 20, Natalie Angiers, The Guardian:

     They declare ringing confirmation for their theories even in the face of feeble data.

   • 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:

     The thing is, we've even had formal confirmation from Government itself that the crucial research required to make such sweeping claims hasn't been done!

3. A ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18; considered a sacrament in some churches, including Catholicism, but not in most Protestant churches.
   • 1977, “Only the Good Die Young”, in Billy Joel (music), The Stranger:

     You got a nice white dress / and a party on your confirmation. / You've got a brand new soul, / mm, and a cross of gold.

4. (law) An act whereby something conditional or voidable is made sure and unavoidable, especially the possession of an estate.

Derived terms

• confirmation bias
• confirmation name
• delivery confirmation
• gender confirmation surgery

 

Related terms

• confirm
• confirmational

 

Translations

indicator

• Arabic: تَأْكِيد m (taʔkīd)
• Armenian: հաստատում (hy) (hastatum)
• Belarusian: пацвярджэ́нне n (pacvjardžénnje)
• Bulgarian: потвържде́ние (bg) n (potvǎrždénie)
• Catalan: confirmació f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 確認／确认 (zh) (quèrèn)

• Czech: potvrzení (cs) n
• Danish: bekræftelse c
• Dutch: bevestiging (nl) f
• Estonian: kinnitus
• Finnish: vahvistus (fi)
• French: confirmation (fr) f
• German: Bestätigung (de) f
• Greek: επιβεβαίωση (el) f (epivevaíosi)

  Ancient Greek: βεβαίωσις f (bebaíōsis)

• Hebrew: אִשּׁוּר \ אישור (he) m (ishúr)
• Hungarian: visszaigazolás (hu)
• Italian: conferma (it) f
• Japanese: 確認 (ja) (かくにん, kakunin), コンファーム (konfāmu)
• Korean: 확인(確認) (ko) (hwagin), 컨펌 (keonpeom)
• Latvian: apstiprinājums m
• Lithuanian: patvirtinimas m
• Macedonian: потврда f (potvrda)
• Middle English: confirmacioun
• Norman: confirmâtion f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bekreftelse m

• Polish: potwierdzenie (pl) n
• Portuguese: confirmação (pt) f
• Romanian: confirmare (ro) f
• Russian: подтвержде́ние (ru) n (podtverždénije)
• Scottish Gaelic: daingneachadh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: по̏тврда f

  Roman: pȍtvrda (sh) f

• Slovak: potrvdenie n
• Slovene: potrditev f
• Spanish: confirmación (es) f
• Swedish: bekräftelse (sv) c, konfirmation (sv) c (formal)
• Tagalog: patotoo, patutoo
• Ukrainian: підтве́рдження n (pidtvérdžennja)
• Uzbek: tasdiqlash (uz)
• Vietnamese: sự xác nhận (vi)

verification

• Armenian: հաստատում (hy) (hastatum)
• Belarusian: пацвярджэ́нне n (pacvjardžénnje)
• Bulgarian: потвържде́ние (bg) n (potvǎrždénie)
• Catalan: confirmació f
• Czech: potvrzení (cs) n
• Dutch: bevestiging (nl) f
• Estonian: kinnitus
• Finnish: vahvistus (fi)
• French: confirmation (fr) f, vérification (fr) f
• German: Bestätigung (de) f
• Hebrew: אִשּׁוּר \ אישור (he) m (ishúr)
• Hungarian: megerősítés (hu)
• Indonesian: konfirmasi (id)
• Irish: diongbháil f
• Italian: conferma (it) f, verifica (it) f
• Japanese: please add this translation if you can
• Latvian: apstiprinājums m
• Malay: pengesahan (ms)
• Middle English: confirmacioun
• Norman: confirmâtion f
• Persian: تایید (fa) (ta'yid)
• Polish: potwierdzenie (pl) n, konfirmacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: confirmação (pt) f
• Romanian: confirmare (ro) f
• Russian: подтвержде́ние (ru) n (podtverždénije)
• Scottish Gaelic: daingneachadh m
• Spanish: confirmación (es) f
• Swedish: bekräftelse (sv) c, konfirmation (sv) c (formal)
• Tagalog: patotoo, patutoo
• Ukrainian: підтве́рдження n (pidtvérdžennja)

Christian ceremony or sacrament

• Belarusian: канфірма́цыя f (kanfirmácyja), мірапама́занне n (mirapamázannje)
• Bulgarian: конфирма́ция f (konfirmácija)
• Catalan: confirmació f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 堅信禮／坚信礼 (zh) (jiānxìnlǐ)

• Czech: biřmování (cs) n
• Danish: konfirmation (da) c
• Dutch: vormsel (nl) n, confirmatie (nl) f
• Esperanto: konfirmacio
• Finnish: konfirmaatio (fi)
• French: confirmation (fr) f
• German: Firmung (de) f (Catholic), Konfirmation (de) f (Protestant)
• Hungarian: bérmálás (hu) (Catholic), konfirmáció (hu) (Protestant)
• Icelandic: ferming (is) f
• Indonesian: krisma (id), penguatan (id)
• Irish: cóineartú m
• Italian: cresima (it) f
• Japanese: 堅信 (ja) (けんしん, kenshin), 堅信礼 (けんしんれい, kenshinrei)
• Korean: 견신(堅信) (gyeonsin), 견신례(堅信禮) (gyeonsillye)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: کۆنفیرماسیۆن (konfîrmasyon)

• Low German:

  German Low German: Konfirmatschoon f

• Malay: penguatan (Catholic), penetapan (Anglican)
• Maori: karakia whakaū, whakaūnga
• Middle English: confermement, confermynge, confirmacioun
• Norman: confirmâtion f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: konfirmasjon m

  Nynorsk: konfirmasjon m

• Polish: bierzmowanie (pl) n, konfirmacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: crisma (pt) f, confirmação (pt) f
• Romanian: confirmare (ro) f
• Russian: конфирма́ция (ru) f (konfirmácija), миропома́зание (ru) n (miropomázanije)
• Slovak: birmovanie n (Catholic) , birmovka f (Catholic), konfirmácia f (Lutheran)
• Spanish: confirmación (es) f
• Swedish: konfirmation (sv) c
• Tagalog: kumpil, pagkukumpil
• Ukrainian: конфірма́ція f (konfirmácija), миропома́зання n (myropomázannja)
• Welsh: bedydd esgob m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Irish: ^{(please verify)} cinntiú m
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} confirmatiō f
• Swedish: (1,2) ^{(please verify)} bekräftelse (sv) c, (3) ^{(please verify)} konfirmation (sv) c

French

Etymology

From Old French confirmacion, from Latin cōnfirmātiōnem.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

confirmation f (plural confirmations)

1. confirmation (all senses)

Further reading

• “confirmation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Interlingua

Noun

confirmation (plural confirmationes)

1. confirmation, verification

Middle English

Noun

confirmation

1. Alternative form of confirmacioun