enjoindre
French edit
Etymology edit
First attested circa 1191 in Old French as anjoindre, from Latin injungere, iniungere, present active infinitive of iniungo, altered after joindre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
enjoindre
- (transitive) to order; to enjoin (someone à faire something)
Conjugation edit
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of enjoindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | enjoindre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | enjoignant /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | enjoint /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ |
enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ |
enjoint /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ |
enjoignons /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ |
enjoignez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲe/ |
enjoignent /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
| imperfect | enjoignais /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
enjoignais /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
enjoignait /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ |
enjoignions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ |
enjoigniez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲje/ |
enjoignaient /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | enjoignis /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ |
enjoignis /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ |
enjoignit /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ |
enjoignîmes /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲim/ |
enjoignîtes /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲit/ |
enjoignirent /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | enjoindrai /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ |
enjoindras /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ |
enjoindra /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁa/ |
enjoindrons /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
enjoindrez /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁe/ |
enjoindront /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | enjoindrais /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
enjoindrais /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
enjoindrait /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
enjoindrions /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
enjoindriez /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
enjoindraient /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | enjoigne /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
enjoignes /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
enjoigne /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
enjoignions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲjɔ̃/ |
enjoigniez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲje/ |
enjoignent /ɑ̃.ʒwaɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | enjoignisse /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/ |
enjoignisses /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/ |
enjoignît /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi/ |
enjoignissions /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
enjoignissiez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲi.sje/ |
enjoignissent /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | enjoins /ɑ̃.ʒwɛ̃/ |
— | enjoignons /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲɔ̃/ |
enjoignez /ɑ̃.ʒwa.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “enjoindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.