ganda

See also: Ganda and gánda

Faroese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

ganda (third person singular past indicative gandaði, supine gandað)

1. to conjure, to bewitch, to jinx, to hex

Conjugation

Conjugation of ganda (group v-30)
infinitive	ganda
supine	gandað
participle (a6)1	gandandi	gandaður
	present	past
first singular	gandi	gandaði
second singular	gandar	gandaði
third singular	gandar	gandaði
plural	ganda	gandaðu
	imperative
singular	ganda!
plural	gandið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Synonyms

• rúna

Further reading

"ganda" at Sprotin.fo

Icelandic

Noun

ganda

1. indefinite accusative plural of gandur
2. indefinite genitive plural of gandur

Indonesian

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa, “whole cheek, side, joint”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡanda/, [ˈɡan.da]
• Hyphenation: gan‧da

Noun

ganda (first-person possessive gandaku, second-person possessive gandamu, third-person possessive gandanya)

1. dual
2. double
3. fold

Derived terms

• berganda
• berganda-ganda
• ganda-berganda
• memperganda-gandakan
• mempergandakan
• mengganda
• menggandakan
• pengganda
• penggandaan
• pergandaan

 

Compounds

• ganda campuran

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandá, “scent, smell”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).

Noun

ganda (first-person possessive gandaku, second-person possessive gandamu, third-person possessive gandanya)

1. scent, smell.

   Synonym: bau

Etymology 3

Unknown

Adjective

ganda

1. dare to fight.
2. underestimate

Further reading

• “ganda” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• gande (e-infinitive)
• gainnj, gainn, gannj (palatalization)

Etymology

Compare to Faroese ganda

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ɡɑndɑ/
• IPA^(key): /ɡɑɲː/ (Trøndelag dialect)

Verb

ganda (present tense gandar, past tense ganda, past participle ganda, passive infinitive gandast, present participle gandande, imperative ganda/gand)

1. to conjure
2. to use magic sending a sickness upon somebody

Related terms

• gand
• gandfluge
• gandfugl

References

• “ganda” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Oromo

Noun

ganda

1. village

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɐ̃.dɐ/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Bengali গন্ডার (gonḍar), from Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa).

Noun

ganda f (plural gandas)

1. (dated, India) rhinoceros

   Synonym: rinoceronte

Etymology 2

Alteration of grande.

Adjective

ganda m or f (plural gandas)

1. (Portugal, colloquial) large, big

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

ganda (ma class, plural maganda)

1. skin
2. shell
3. peel

Verb

-ganda (infinitive kuganda)

1. to coagulate; freeze

   maziwa ya kuganda

   curdled milk

2. (of food) to spoil

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ganda
Positive present -naganda Subjunctive -gande Negative -gandi Imperative singular ganda
Infinitives
Positive kuganda Negative kutoganda
Imperatives
Singular ganda Plural gandeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huganda Positive past positive subject concord + -liganda Negative past negative subject concord + -kuganda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naganda) Singular Plural 1st person ninaganda/naganda tunaganda 2nd person unaganda mnaganda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaganda wanaganda other classes positive subject concord + -naganda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -gandi) Singular Plural 1st person sigandi hatugandi 2nd person hugandi hamgandi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hagandi hawagandi other classes negative subject concord + -gandi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taganda Negative future negative subject concord + -taganda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -gande) Singular Plural 1st person nigande tugande 2nd person ugande mgande 3rd person m-wa(I/II) agande wagande other classes positive subject concord + -gande
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sigande Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeganda Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeganda Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliganda Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliganda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aganda) Singular Plural 1st person naganda twaganda 2nd person waganda mwaganda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aganda waganda m-mi(III/IV) waganda yaganda ji-ma(V/VI) laganda yaganda ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaganda vyaganda n(IX/X) yaganda zaganda u(XI) waganda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaganda pa(XVI) paganda mu(XVIII) mwaganda
Perfect positive subject concord + -meganda "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaganda "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaganda "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiganda "If not" positive subject concord + -sipoganda Consecutive kaganda / positive subject concord + -kaganda Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kagande
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niganda -tuganda 2nd person -kuganda -waganda/-kugandeni/-wagandeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mganda -waganda m-mi(III/IV) -uganda -iganda ji-ma(V/VI) -liganda -yaganda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiganda -viganda n(IX/X) -iganda -ziganda u(XI) -uganda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuganda pa(XVI) -paganda mu(XVIII) -muganda Reflexive -jiganda
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ganda- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -gandaye -gandao m-mi(III/IV) -gandao -gandayo ji-ma(V/VI) -gandalo -gandayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -gandacho -gandavyo n(IX/X) -gandayo -gandazo u(XI) -gandao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -gandako pa(XVI) -gandapo mu(XVIII) -gandamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ganda) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeganda -oganda m-mi(III/IV) -oganda -yoganda ji-ma(V/VI) -loganda -yoganda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choganda -vyoganda n(IX/X) -yoganda -zoganda u(XI) -oganda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koganda pa(XVI) -poganda mu(XVIII) -moganda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -gandia
  • Causative: -gandisha
  • Stative: -gandika

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• ganra — dialectal, Rizal, informal

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandhá, “aroma, fragrance”) with semantic change (change of meaning), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ɡanˈda/ [ɡɐnˈda]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: gan‧da

Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

1. beauty

   Synonyms: kagandahan, dilag, karilagan

2. splendor

   Synonyms: dikit, kariktan, dingal, karingalan

3. fineness; excellence; fine quality (of someone's work, etc.)

   Synonyms: husay, kahusayan

4. fineness; brightness (of weather)

   Synonyms: kaaliwalasan, kaliwanagan, kagandahan

Derived terms

• gandahan
• gandang-kalooban
• gandang-langit
• gumanda
• ikaganda
• ipaganda
• kagandahan
• maganda
• magandahan
• magandahin
• magandang-kalooban
• magandang-loob
• magandang-maganda
• magmagandang-loob
• magpaganda
• nakagaganda
• nakakaganda
• napakaganda
• paganda
• pagandahan
• pagandahin
• pagkaganda
• pampaganda
• timpalak-kagandahan

 

Etymology 2

Probably from Sanskrit कन्द (kanda, “garlic; bulbous plant”). Compare Cebuano ganda.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ɡanˈda/ [ɡɐnˈda]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: gan‧da

Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

1. garlic chive; Chinese chive

   Synonyms: kutsay, perero

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈɡanda/ [ˈɡan.dɐ]
• Rhymes: -anda
• Syllabification: gan‧da

Noun

ganda (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

1. annual interest of a hundred percent on a loan

See also

• takipan

Further reading

• “ganda”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN