gorchymyn

Welsh

Alternative forms

• gorchmynnu

Etymology

From Middle Welsh gorchymyn, from Proto-Brythonic *gworxumɨnn (compare Old Cornish gurhemin, Middle Breton gourchemenn), from *gwor- (“over”) + *kumɨnn (from Latin commendō (“commend; recommend”). By surface analysis, gor- +‎ cymyn (“testament; bequest”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ɡɔrˈχəmɨ̞n/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ɡɔrˈχəmɪn/
• Rhymes: -əmɨ̞n

Verb

gorchymyn (first-person singular present gorchmynnaf)

1. (transitive) to command, to order

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	gorchmynnaf	gorchmynni	gorchmynna	gorchmynnwn	gorchmynnwch	gorchmynnant	gorchmynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	gorchmynnwn	gorchmynnit	gorchmynnai	gorchmynnem	gorchmynnech	gorchmynnent	gorchmynnid
preterite	gorchmynnais	gorchmynnaist	gorchmynnodd	gorchmynasom	gorchmynasoch	gorchmynasant	gorchmynnwyd
pluperfect	gorchmynaswn	gorchmynasit	gorchmynasai	gorchmynasem	gorchmynasech	gorchmynasent	gorchmynasid, gorchmynesid
present subjunctive	gorchmynnwyf	gorchmynnych	gorchmynno	gorchmynnom	gorchmynnoch	gorchmynnont	gorchmynner
imperative	—	gorchmynna	gorchmynned	gorchmynnwn	gorchmynnwch	gorchmynnent	gorchmynner
verbal noun	gorchymyn
verbal adjectives	gorchmynedig gorchmynadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	gorchmynna i, gorchmynnaf i	gorchmynni di	gorchmynnith o/e/hi, gorchmynniff e/hi	gorchmynnwn ni	gorchmynnwch chi	gorchmynnan nhw
conditional	gorchmynnwn i, gorchmynnswn i	gorchmynnet ti, gorchmynnset ti	gorchmynnai fo/fe/hi, gorchmynnsai fo/fe/hi	gorchmynnen ni, gorchmynnsen ni	gorchmynnech chi, gorchmynnsech chi	gorchmynnen nhw, gorchmynnsen nhw
preterite	gorchmynnais i, gorchmynnes i	gorchmynnaist ti, gorchmynnest ti	gorchmynnodd o/e/hi	gorchmynnon ni	gorchmynnoch chi	gorchmynnon nhw
imperative	—	gorchmynna	—	—	gorchmynnwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• gorchmyniad (“commandment, commanding”)
• gorchmynnol (“imperative”)

Noun

gorchymyn m (plural gorchmynion)

1. command, commandment, order

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gorchymyn	orchymyn	ngorchymyn	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gorchymyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies