grád
See also: grad
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish grád, but with /d̪ˠ/ restored under the influence of English and French grade; all of which are borrowed from Latin gradus.
Noun edit
grád m (genitive singular gráid, nominative plural gráid)
Declension edit
Declension of grád
Derived terms edit
- díghrádaigh (“degrade”, verb)
- grád gnó (“business class”)
- grád pá (“pay grade”)
- grádach (“graded”)
- grádaigh (“grade; rate, scale; graduate, calibrate”, verb)
- grádán (“grade, gradient”)
- íosghrádaigh (“downgrade”, verb)
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
grád
- (dialectal) first-person singular present subjunctive of gráigh (“love”)
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
grád | ghrád | ngrád |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “grád”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “grád”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “grád”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Old Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Celtic *gʷrādus.
Noun edit
grád n (genitive gráda, nominative plural grád)
Inflection edit
Neuter u-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | grádN | grádL | grádL, gráda |
Vocative | grádN | grádL | grád |
Accusative | grádN | grádL | grád |
Genitive | grádoH, grádaH | grádoN, grádaN | grádN |
Dative | grádL | grádaib | grádaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants edit
- Irish: grá
- Manx: graih
- Scottish Gaelic: gràdh
- ⇒ Middle Irish: grádaigidir
Further reading edit
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 grád (‘love, affection’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
grád n (genitive gráid, nominative plural gráid)
- grade, degree
- rank, order
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28c7
- ma chomalnit a ngrád ꝉ apud plebiles ma rud·choiscset a mmuintir
- if they fulfill their orders or, among the plebiles, if they have corrected their household
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28c7
- (Christianity) holy orders
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29a28
- Ní taibre grád for nech causa a pectha ꝉ a chaíngníma: ar biit alaili and ro·finnatar a pecthe resíu do·coí grád forru; alaili is íarum ro·finnatar. Berir dano fri láa brátha
- You sg should not confer orders on anyone because of his sin or of his good deed: for there are some whose sins are known before their ordination, others whose [sins] are known afterwards. Reference is made, then, to the day of judgment.
- (literally, “…before orders shall go upon them…”)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29a28
Inflection edit
Neuter o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | grádN | grádN | grádL, gráda |
Vocative | grádN | grádN | grádL, gráda |
Accusative | grádN | grádN | grádL, gráda |
Genitive | gráidL | grád | grádN |
Dative | grádL | grádaib | grádaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants edit
- Middle Irish: grád
Further reading edit
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 grád (‘grade, degree’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
grád | grád pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ngrád |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
Categories:
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from English
- Irish terms derived from French
- Irish terms derived from Latin
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish masculine nouns
- ga:Nautical
- Irish first-declension nouns
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish verb forms
- Irish dialectal terms
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish neuter nouns
- Old Irish neuter u-stem nouns
- Old Irish terms derived from Latin
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- sga:Christianity
- Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns
- sga:Love
- sga:Society