German edit

Etymology edit

From Middle High German hëlfen, from Old High German helfan, from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelb-, *ḱelp-. Cognate with Low German helpen, Dutch helpen, English help, Danish hjælpe, Norwegian Bokmål hjelpe.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈhɛlfn̩/
  • audio (Germany):(file)
  • audio (Germany):(file)
  • audio (Austria):(file)
  • Hyphenation: hel‧fen

Verb edit

helfen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present hilft, past tense half, past participle geholfen, past subjunctive hülfe, auxiliary haben)

  1. (with dative) to help (someone); to assist; to aid [+ bei (object) = with]
    Ich habe ihnen bei der Reparatur des Wagens geholfen.
    I helped them with the repair of the car.
    Dieses Mittel hilft dabei, Probleme beim Wasserlassen und Inkontinenz zu reduzieren.
    This product helps to reduce urinary problems and incontinence.
    Hat der Krieg diese drei Hauptschäden bekämpfen helfen?
    Did the war help combat these three main harms?

Usage notes edit

  • When used as a catenative verb, helfen can be either take zu + infinitive or the bare infinitive.
  • Similarly as in modal verbs like müssen and können, when used with a bare infinitive, the past participle geholfen can be replaced by the infinitive helfen (as shown in the third example), but this phenomenon does not occur unless in obsolete or archaic speech.

Conjugation edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Middle High German edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old High German helfan, from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną. Cognate with Middle Low German helpen, Middle Dutch helpen, and Middle English helpen.

Verb edit

hëlfen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present hilfet, past tense half, past participle geholfen, past subjunctive hülfe, auxiliary hân)

  1. to help
    Wer hülfe danne mir?Who would then help me?

Conjugation edit

Descendants edit

  • Central Franconian: hellepe
  • Cimbrian: hölfan
  • German: helfen
  • Luxembourgish: hëllefen
  • Yiddish: העלפֿן (helfn)

References edit

  • Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “helfen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke[1], Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

helfen

  1. h-prothesized form of elfen

Mutation edit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
elfen unchanged unchanged helfen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.