herja

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse herja, from Proto-Germanic *harjōną.

Verb

herja (third person singular past indicative herjaði, third person plural past indicative herjað, supine herjað)

1. To wage war
2. To ravage, to plunder

Conjugation

Conjugation of herja (group v-30)
infinitive	herja
supine	herjað
participle (a6)1	herjandi	herjaður
	present	past
first singular	herji	herjaði
second singular	herjar	herjaði
third singular	herjar	herjaði
plural	herja	herjaðu
	imperative
singular	herja!
plural	herjið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Antonyms

• verja (defend, protect)

Derived terms

• herja á - to attack, to assault

Finnish

Etymology

Likely borrowed from Old Norse herja (compare Swedish härja (“to wage war”)). Cognate with Karelian herja (“bad, evil, villain”), Estonian heris (“villain”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈherjɑ/, [ˈhe̞rjɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -erjɑ
• Syllabification^(key): her‧ja

Noun

herja

1. slur, insult
2. (informal) joking, banter, crack, quip
3. (colloquial, computing) error, error message
4. (archaic) villain
5. (archaic) predator, beast of prey
6. (archaic) evil spirit (of throat disease), demon

Declension

Inflection of herja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		herja	herjat
genitive		herjan	herjojen
partitive		herjaa	herjoja
illative		herjaan	herjoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		herja	herjat
accusative	nom.	herja	herjat
	gen.	herjan
genitive		herjan	herjojen herjain rare
partitive		herjaa	herjoja
inessive		herjassa	herjoissa
elative		herjasta	herjoista
illative		herjaan	herjoihin
adessive		herjalla	herjoilla
ablative		herjalta	herjoilta
allative		herjalle	herjoille
essive		herjana	herjoina
translative		herjaksi	herjoiksi
abessive		herjatta	herjoitta
instructive		—	herjoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of herja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative herjani herjani accusative nom. herjani herjani gen. herjani genitive herjani herjojeni herjaini rare partitive herjaani herjojani inessive herjassani herjoissani elative herjastani herjoistani illative herjaani herjoihini adessive herjallani herjoillani ablative herjaltani herjoiltani allative herjalleni herjoilleni essive herjanani herjoinani translative herjakseni herjoikseni abessive herjattani herjoittani instructive — — comitative — herjoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative herjasi herjasi accusative nom. herjasi herjasi gen. herjasi genitive herjasi herjojesi herjaisi rare partitive herjaasi herjojasi inessive herjassasi herjoissasi elative herjastasi herjoistasi illative herjaasi herjoihisi adessive herjallasi herjoillasi ablative herjaltasi herjoiltasi allative herjallesi herjoillesi essive herjanasi herjoinasi translative herjaksesi herjoiksesi abessive herjattasi herjoittasi instructive — — comitative — herjoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative herjamme herjamme accusative nom. herjamme herjamme gen. herjamme genitive herjamme herjojemme herjaimme rare partitive herjaamme herjojamme inessive herjassamme herjoissamme elative herjastamme herjoistamme illative herjaamme herjoihimme adessive herjallamme herjoillamme ablative herjaltamme herjoiltamme allative herjallemme herjoillemme essive herjanamme herjoinamme translative herjaksemme herjoiksemme abessive herjattamme herjoittamme instructive — — comitative — herjoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative herjanne herjanne accusative nom. herjanne herjanne gen. herjanne genitive herjanne herjojenne herjainne rare partitive herjaanne herjojanne inessive herjassanne herjoissanne elative herjastanne herjoistanne illative herjaanne herjoihinne adessive herjallanne herjoillanne ablative herjaltanne herjoiltanne allative herjallenne herjoillenne essive herjananne herjoinanne translative herjaksenne herjoiksenne abessive herjattanne herjoittanne instructive — — comitative — herjoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative herjansa herjansa accusative nom. herjansa herjansa gen. herjansa genitive herjansa herjojensa herjainsa rare partitive herjaansa herjojaan herjojansa inessive herjassaan herjassansa herjoissaan herjoissansa elative herjastaan herjastansa herjoistaan herjoistansa illative herjaansa herjoihinsa adessive herjallaan herjallansa herjoillaan herjoillansa ablative herjaltaan herjaltansa herjoiltaan herjoiltansa allative herjalleen herjallensa herjoilleen herjoillensa essive herjanaan herjanansa herjoinaan herjoinansa translative herjakseen herjaksensa herjoikseen herjoiksensa abessive herjattaan herjattansa herjoittaan herjoittansa instructive — — comitative — herjoineen herjoinensa

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:herja.

Synonyms

• (spirit): Lemmon leiju

Derived terms

• herjata

 

compounds

• herjakirjoitus
• herjanheitto
• herjasana

 

See also

• herjata

Further reading

• “herja”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• rahje

Icelandic

Noun

herja

1. indefinite genitive plural of her

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• herjet

Verb

herja

1. inflection of herje:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• herje (e-infinitive)
• hørjå, herri (dialectal)

Etymology

From Old Norse herja, from Proto-Germanic *harjōną.

Verb

herja (present tense herjar, past tense herja, past participle herja, passive infinitive herjast, present participle herjande, imperative herja/herj)

1. to devastate, ravage, lay waste

References

• “herja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *harjōną.

Verb

herja

1. to go harrying or freebooting
2. (transitive, with accusative) to despoil, waste

Conjugation

Conjugation of herja — active (weak class 2)

infinitive	herja
present participle	herjandi
past participle	herjaðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	herja	herjaða
2nd-person singular	herjar	herjaðir
3rd-person singular	herjar	herjaði
1st-person plural	herjum	herjuðum
2nd-person plural	herið	herjuðuð
3rd-person plural	herja	herjuðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	herja	herjaða
2nd-person singular	herir	herjaðir
3rd-person singular	herir	herjaði
1st-person plural	herim	herjaðim
2nd-person plural	herið	herjaðið
3rd-person plural	heri	herjaði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	herja
1st-person plural	herjum
2nd-person plural	herið

Conjugation of herja — mediopassive (weak class 2)

infinitive	herjask
present participle	herjandisk
past participle	herjazk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	herjumk	herjuðumk
2nd-person singular	herjask	herjaðisk
3rd-person singular	herjask	herjaðisk
1st-person plural	herjumsk	herjuðumsk
2nd-person plural	herizk	herjuðuzk
3rd-person plural	herjask	herjuðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	herjumk	herjuðumk
2nd-person singular	herisk	herjaðisk
3rd-person singular	herisk	herjaðisk
1st-person plural	herimsk	herjaðimsk
2nd-person plural	herizk	herjaðizk
3rd-person plural	herisk	herjaðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	herjask
1st-person plural	herjumsk
2nd-person plural	herizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: herja
• Faroese: herja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: herja
• Old Swedish: hæria
  • Swedish: härja
• Old Danish: hæriæ
  • Danish: hærge
    • Early Norwegian Bokmål: hærje
      • Norwegian Bokmål: herje (also from Norwegian herja)

References

• “herja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press