jꜣbt

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Nominalized from the feminine of jꜣbj.

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjaʀbat/ → /ˈjaʀbaʔ/ → /ˈjaːba/ → /ˈjoːβə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjaʀbat/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjaʀbaʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjaːba/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjoːβə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑbɛt/
  • Conventional anglicization: iabet

Noun

 f

1. east, the East
2. left side

Usage notes

Chiefly used in old religious texts; in later texts the synonym jꜣbtt is usually used instead. As the two words share several written forms, the context of time period and linguistic register may sometimes be the only means to determine which reading is meant.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣbt  

jꜣbt	jꜣbt	jꜣbt

Synonyms

• jꜣbtt

Antonyms

• jmnt
• jmntt

Derived terms

• jꜣbtj
• jꜣbtt
• nfrt-jꜣbt

Etymology 2

The Wörterbuch considers this a further derived nominalized nisba adjective, presumably formed from jꜣbt (“east”) +‎ -(j) (nisba ending); however, the form *jꜣbtj with the nisba ending written out is nowhere attested with this meaning. Such an analysis is, nonetheless, supported by the masculine gender of this term.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑbɛt/
  • Conventional anglicization: iabet

Noun

 m

1. east wind

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣbt  

jꜣb	jꜣb	jꜣbt
[Pyramid Texts]	[Pyramid Texts]	[Pyramid Texts]

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 389.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 30.14–30.15, 31.5
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 8