kel
Cypriot Arabic edit
Root |
---|
'-k-l |
4 terms |
Etymology edit
Inherited from Arabic أَكَلَ (ʔakala).
Verb edit
References edit
- Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 142
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Czech kel, from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.
Noun edit
kel m inan
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Related to older klí (“embryo, germ”).
Noun edit
kel m inan or f
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- kel in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- kel in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- kel in Internetová jazyková příručka
- František Št. Kott (1878) “kel”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 684
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kel c (singular definite kelen, plural indefinite kele)
Inflection edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Ugric *kälä-, possibly derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kälä- (“to ford”).[1] Akin to Northern Mansi ква̄луӈкве (kwāluňkwe, “to rise”).
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
kel
- (obsolete) come and go, get about (to transport oneself from place to place)[2]
- (intransitive) to get up, rise (from sleep; occasionally more broadly from a lying or sitting position)
- (intransitive, of the sun or moon) to rise
- Synonym: felkel
- (intransitive, of a seedling) to sprout, shoot, bud, germinate
- (intransitive, of a young bird or insect) to hatch (to be hatched)
- (intransitive, cooking, of dough) to rise
- (intransitive, figuratively, in expressions) to start, set off, take off
- (intransitive, figuratively, archaic or poetic) to rise, arise (chiefly of emotions, their outward expressions, or natural forces like wind)
- Synonyms: keletkezik, kezdődik, támad
- (intransitive, marketing, chiefly after adverbs) to be sought-after, in demand
- (intransitive, of a piece of writing) to be dated (only in the past tense)
Conjugation edit
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kelek | kelsz | kel | kelünk | keltek | kelnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | keltem | keltél | kelt | keltünk | keltetek | keltek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. kelni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | kelék | kelél | kele | kelénk | kelétek | kelének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kel vala, kelt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | kelendek | kelendesz | kelend | kelendünk | kelendetek | kelendenek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kelnék | kelnél | kelne | kelnénk | kelnétek | kelnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kelt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | keljek | kelj or keljél |
keljen | keljünk | keljetek | keljenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kelt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | kelni | kelnem | kelned | kelnie | kelnünk | kelnetek | kelniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
kelés | kelő | kelt | ― | kelve (kelvén) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kelhetek | kelhetsz | kelhet | kelhetünk | kelhettek | kelhetnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | kelhettem | kelhettél | kelhetett | kelhettünk | kelhettetek | kelhettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | kelheték | kelhetél | kelhete | kelheténk | kelhetétek | kelhetének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. kelhet vala, kelhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | kelhetendek or kelandhatok |
kelhetendesz or kelandhatsz |
kelhetend or kelandhat |
kelhetendünk or kelandhatunk |
kelhetendetek or kelandhattok |
kelhetendenek or kelandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kelhetnék | kelhetnél | kelhetne | kelhetnénk | kelhetnétek | kelhetnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kelhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | kelhessek | kelhess or kelhessél |
kelhessen | kelhessünk | kelhessetek | kelhessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kelhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (kelhetni) | (kelhetnem) | (kelhetned) | (kelhetnie) | (kelhetnünk) | (kelhetnetek) | (kelhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (kelhetve / kelhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms edit
(With verbal prefixes):
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).
Noun edit
kel (plural kelek)
- Savoy cabbage
- Synonym: kelkáposzta
- (in phrases and compounds) a type of Brassica (cabbage and similar plants), including kale, cauliflower, napa cabbage, and Brussels sprout
- Hyponyms: fodros kel, kínai kel
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kel | kelek |
accusative | kelt | keleket |
dative | kelnek | keleknek |
instrumental | kellel | kelekkel |
causal-final | kelért | kelekért |
translative | kellé | kelekké |
terminative | kelig | kelekig |
essive-formal | kelként | kelekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kelben | kelekben |
superessive | kelen | keleken |
adessive | kelnél | keleknél |
illative | kelbe | kelekbe |
sublative | kelre | kelekre |
allative | kelhez | kelekhez |
elative | kelből | kelekből |
delative | kelről | kelekről |
ablative | keltől | kelektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kelé | keleké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
keléi | kelekéi |
Possessive forms of kel | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kelem | keljeim |
2nd person sing. | keled | keljeid |
3rd person sing. | kelje | keljei |
1st person plural | kelünk | keljeink |
2nd person plural | keletek | keljeitek |
3rd person plural | keljük | keljeik |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Entry #259 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ kel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- (to get up, to rise): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (Savoy cabbage): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Kabuverdianu edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese aquilo.
Pronoun edit
kel
Northern Kurdish edit
Noun edit
kel ?
Old Czech edit
Alternative forms edit
- keł (alternative writing)
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kel m inan
Declension edit
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kel | kly | kli, klové |
genitive | kla, klu | klú | klóv |
dative | klu | kloma | klóm |
accusative | kel | kly | kly |
vocative | kle | kly | kli, klové |
locative | kle, klu | klú | kléch |
instrumental | klem | kloma | kly |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants edit
- Czech: kel
Further reading edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kel”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old French edit
Contraction edit
kel
Slovak edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).
Noun edit
kel m inan (genitive singular kelu, nominative plural kely, genitive plural kelov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.
Noun edit
kel m inan (genitive singular kla, nominative plural kly, genitive plural klov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “kel”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Sranan Tongo edit
Noun edit
kel
- guy, dude
- c. 1950, Sophie Redmond, “Datra Papa [A doctor's father]”, in Thea Doelwijt, editor, Kri, kra! Proza van Suriname [Kri, kra! Prose from Suriname][1], Paramaribo: Bureau Volkslectuur, published 1972, page 115:
- Nana: Misi libi mi nanga tori foe Frits p'pa; efi mi prakseri fa mi lasi na beste ten foe mi libi, nanga na kel.
- Nana: Madam, let me be with the matter of Frits's dad. If I just think about how I waisted the best years of my life with that guy...
- 1985, Paul Marlee, Proefkonijn[2], Paramaribo: Uitgeverij De Volksboekwinkel, →ISBN, page 99:
- ‘Blub, hik, sorry man, ei Arnie, pe y' ben de yongu, m' e suk' i no moer man; pe a meid Sastro de man, mi lob' a sma, yongu, wan f' den kel go vandoor nang' a sma k'ba natuurlijk. (...)’
- 'Glub, hiccup, sorry, man, hey Arnie, where have you been, man, I've been looking all over for you; where's that girl Sastro, man, I love that girl, man, one of the guys already went off with her, obviously. (...)'
Descendants edit
- → Dutch: kill
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
kel n
Declension edit
Declension of kel | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | kel | kelet | — | — |
Genitive | kels | kelets | — | — |
References edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish كل (kel, “bald”), from Persian کل (kal, “bald”). Cognate to kelle (“head”) and ultimately to Latin calvus (“bald”), Old English calu (“bald”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kel
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | kel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | keli | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | kel | keller | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | keli | kelleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | kele | kellere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | kelde | kellerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | kelden | kellerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | kelin | kellerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Romanian: chel
Volapük edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French lequel (“which”).
Pronoun edit
kel
Declension edit
- Note: This word is declined to match the function it plays in its subordinate clause, not to match the declension of the noun it modifies.
Wolof edit
Noun edit
kel (definite form kel gi)
Yetfa edit
Noun edit
kel
References edit
- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 122
Zou edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *keel, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *keel.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kèl
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kal, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la. Cognates include Khumi Chin ämäkei and Mizo kal.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kel
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaal.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kel
- (transitive) to climb
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 46, 81
- Cypriot Arabic terms belonging to the root '-k-l
- Cypriot Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Cypriot Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Cypriot Arabic lemmas
- Cypriot Arabic verbs
- Cypriot Arabic form-I verbs
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Czech/ɛl
- Rhymes:Czech/ɛl/1 syllable
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech nouns with reducible stem
- Czech feminine nouns
- Czech nouns with multiple genders
- Czech terms with obsolete senses
- cs:Botany
- cs:Animal body parts
- cs:Teeth
- Danish terms borrowed from German
- Danish terms derived from German
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛl
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛl/1 syllable
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian terms with obsolete senses
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- hu:Cooking
- Hungarian terms with archaic senses
- Hungarian poetic terms
- hu:Marketing
- Hungarian terms borrowed from Bavarian
- Hungarian terms derived from Bavarian
- Hungarian terms derived from Latin
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian three-letter words
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with noun and verb etymologies
- hu:Brassicas
- hu:Vegetables
- Kabuverdianu terms derived from Portuguese
- Kabuverdianu lemmas
- Kabuverdianu pronouns
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish nouns
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech nouns
- Old Czech masculine nouns
- Old Czech inanimate nouns
- Old Czech nouns with actual gender different from declined gender
- Old Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Old Czech hard masculine o-stem nouns
- Old Czech nouns with reducible stem
- zlw-ocs:Animal body parts
- zlw-ocs:Teeth
- Old French non-lemma forms
- Old French contractions
- Slovak 1-syllable words
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak terms borrowed from Bavarian
- Slovak terms derived from Bavarian
- Slovak terms derived from Latin
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak masculine nouns
- Slovak inanimate nouns
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- sk:Animal body parts
- sk:Brassicales order plants
- sk:Teeth
- Sranan Tongo lemmas
- Sranan Tongo nouns
- Sranan Tongo terms with quotations
- Swedish deverbals
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish colloquialisms
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish terms with audio links
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish adjectives
- Volapük terms borrowed from French
- Volapük terms derived from French
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük pronouns
- Wolof lemmas
- Wolof nouns
- wo:Plants
- Yetfa lemmas
- Yetfa nouns
- Zou terms inherited from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Zou terms derived from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Zou terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Zou terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Zou terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zou lemmas
- Zou nouns
- Zou verbs
- Zou transitive verbs
- zom:Caprines
- zom:Organs