leiden
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch leiden, from Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
leiden
- (transitive) to lead, to take the lead
- (transitive) to guide
- (intransitive) to lead, to go, to follow a path to
- Alle wegen leiden naar Rome.
- All roads lead to Rome.
Inflection edit
Conjugation of leiden (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | leiden | |||
past singular | leidde | |||
past participle | geleid | |||
infinitive | leiden | |||
gerund | leiden n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | leid | leidde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | leidt | leidde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | leidt | leidde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | leidt | leidde | ||
3rd person singular | leidt | leidde | ||
plural | leiden | leidden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | leide | leidde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | leiden | leidden | ||
imperative sing. | leid | |||
imperative plur.1 | leidt | |||
participles | leidend | geleid | ||
1) Archaic. |
Derived terms edit
- aaneenleiden
- aanleiden
- achterafleiden
- afleiden
- beleiden
- bijeenleiden
- binnenleiden
- bovenleiden
- buitenleiden
- de dans leiden
- dichtleiden
- doorleiden
- geleiden
- heenleiden
- herleiden
- inleiden
- medeleiden
- meeleiden
- misleiden
- naleiden
- nederleiden
- neerleiden
- om de tuin leiden
- omhoogleiden
- omlaagleiden
- omleiden
- onderleiden
- ontleiden
- opleiden
- opzijleiden
- overleiden
- platleiden
- rondleiden
- tegenleiden
- terechtleiden
- terugleiden
- toeleiden
- uiteenleiden
- uitleiden
- vastleiden
- verderleiden
- verleiden
- voorbijleiden
- voorleiden
- vooropleiden
- vooroverleiden
- voortleiden
- vooruitleiden
- wederleiden
- wederomleiden
- weerleiden
- wegleiden
Descendants edit
Anagrams edit
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
leiden
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
leiden
Anagrams edit
German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. Cognate with Dutch lijden, English lithe. The sense developed from “go, travel” via “endure” to “suffer”. This happened under the influence of Middle High German leiden (“to be sorry, suffer, be hated”), from Old High German leidēn, from Proto-West Germanic *laiþijan, and also the originally unrelated noun Leid (“sorrow”), which is cognate with English loath.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
leiden (class 1 strong, third-person singular present leidet, past tense litt, past participle gelitten, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to suffer, to experience pain, sorrow, etc.
- Lerne leiden ohne zu klagen.
- Learn to suffer without complaining.
- (transitive) to suffer, bear, endure, undergo, experience (some hardship)
- Er litt höllische Qualen.
- He suffered hellish torment.
- (intransitive, with an (“from”)) to suffer (from a disease or condition)
- Die Gefangenen leiden an Unterernährung.
- The prisoners suffer from malnutrition.
- 2012 April 20, Die Welt[1], archived from the original on 12 April 2013, page 22:
- Durch Passivrauchen steigt bei Kindern das Risiko, dass sie als Erwachsene an einer chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung leiden.
- By passive smoking, the risk increases in children that they suffer from chronic obstructive lung disease as adults.
- (transitive) to like, tolerate (usually in negative contexts)
- Ich kann ihn einfach nicht leiden!
- I just can't stand him!
Conjugation edit
infinitive | leiden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | leidend | ||||
past participle | gelitten | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich leide | wir leiden | i | ich leide | wir leiden |
du leidest | ihr leidet | du leidest | ihr leidet | ||
er leidet | sie leiden | er leide | sie leiden | ||
preterite | ich litt | wir litten | ii | ich litte1 | wir litten1 |
du littest du littst |
ihr littet | du littest1 | ihr littet1 | ||
er litt | sie litten | er litte1 | sie litten1 | ||
imperative | leid (du) leide (du) |
leidet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Kashubian: lëdac
Further reading edit
Luxembourgish edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną.
Cognate with German leiden, Dutch lijden, English lithe, Icelandic líða. Related to leeden.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
leiden (third-person singular present leit, past participle gelidden, auxiliary verb hunn)
- (intransitive) to suffer, to feel pain
- (transitive) to bear, to suffer, to endure
Conjugation edit
Regular | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | leiden | |
participle | gelidden | |
auxiliary | hunn | |
present indicative |
imperative | |
1st singular | leiden | — |
2nd singular | leits | leit |
3rd singular | leit | — |
1st plural | leiden | — |
2nd plural | leit | leit |
3rd plural | leiden | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Verb edit
leiden
Inflection edit
Weak | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | leiden | |
3rd sg. past | — | |
3rd pl. past | — | |
Past participle | — | |
Infinitive | leiden | |
In genitive | leidens | |
In dative | leidene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | leide | — |
2nd singular | leits, leides | — |
3rd singular | leit, leidet | — |
1st plural | leiden | — |
2nd plural | leit, leidet | — |
3rd plural | leiden | — |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | leide | — |
2nd singular | leits, leides | — |
3rd singular | leide | — |
1st plural | leiden | — |
2nd plural | leit, leidet | — |
3rd plural | leiden | — |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | leit, leide | |
Plural | leit, leidet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | leidende | — |
Alternative forms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Dutch *Lagiþon, of Germanic origin, from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *lagu (“water”).[1] Not related to Lugdunum, which it is sometimes erroneously connected to.
Noun edit
leiden ?
- Leiden (a city in the modern Netherlands)
Inflection edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants edit
- Dutch: Leiden
References edit
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “leiden2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Further reading edit
- “leiden (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “leiden (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “leiden (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Old Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.
Verb edit
leiden
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “lēden”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
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- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯dən
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- dum:Cities in the Netherlands
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