minister
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈmɪn.əˌstɚ/, /ˈmɪn.ɪ-/
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈmɪn.ɪs.tə/
Audio (US): (file) Audio (UK): (file)
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English ministre, from Old French ministre, from Latin minister (“an attendant, servant, assistant, a priest's assistant or other under official”), from minor (“less”) + -ter; see minor. Doublet of Minorite.
Noun edit
minister (plural ministers)
- (religion) A person who is trained to preach, to perform religious ceremonies, and to afford pastoral care at a Protestant church.
- Hypernym: cleric
- The minister said a prayer on behalf of the entire congregation.
- (government) A politician who heads a ministry
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:government minister
- Hypernym: provost (chief minister in areas of Central Europe and Scandinavia)
- He was newly appointed to be Minister of the Interior.
- 1661 (first printed), Francis Bacon, A Letter of Advice to the Duke of Buckingham:
- Ministers to kings, whose eyes, ears, and hands they are, must be answerable to God and man.
- In diplomacy, the rank of diplomat directly below ambassador.
- A servant; a subordinate; an officer or assistant of inferior rank; hence, an agent, an instrument.
- c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 287, column 2:
- […], I choſe / Camillo for the miniſter, to poyſon / My friend Polixenes: […]
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 24:13, column 1:
- And Moſes roſe vp, and his miniſter Ioſhua: and Moſes went vp into the mount of God.
Usage notes edit
Not to be confused with minster.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Middle English mynystren, from Middle French ministrer, from Old French menistrer, ministrer and Latin ministrō, from minister.
Verb edit
minister (third-person singular simple present ministers, present participle ministering, simple past and past participle ministered)
- (transitive) To attend to (the needs of); to tend; to take care (of); to give aid; to give service.
- (intransitive) To function as a clergyman or as the officiant in church worship.
- (transitive, archaic) To afford, to give, to supply.
- 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 7, column 2:
- I do vvell beleeue your Highneſſe, and did it to miniſter occaſion to theſe Gentlemen, […]
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 9:10, column 2:
- ( […] Now he that miniſtreth ſeede to the ſower, both miniſter bread for your foode, and multiply your ſeede ſowen, and encreaſe the fruites of your righteouſneſſe)
- 1651–1653, Jer[emy] Taylor, ΕΝΙΑΥΤΟΣ [Eniautos]. A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Royston […], published 1655, →OCLC:
- We minister to God reason to suspect us.
Translations edit
Further reading edit
- “minister”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “minister”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
minister c (definite singular ministeren, indefinite plural ministre, definite plural ministrene)
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
Descendants edit
- → Greenlandic: ministeri
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from French ministre. Used in political contexts since the 16th century.
Noun edit
minister m (plural ministers, diminutive ministertje n)
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
Etymology 2 edit
From Latin minister. Used in this sense since at least 1269.
Noun edit
minister m (plural ministers, diminutive ministertje n)
Descendants edit
References edit
- "minister" at etymologiebank.nl
- Woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal door M. de Vries & L.A. te Winkel. 43 banden. 's-Gravenhage, Nijhoff, 1864-2001
Estonian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
minister (genitive ministri, partitive ministrit)
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
Declension edit
Declension of minister (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | minister | ministrid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | ministri | ||
genitive | ministrite | ||
partitive | ministrit | ministreid | |
illative | ministrisse | ministritesse ministreisse | |
inessive | ministris | ministrites ministreis | |
elative | ministrist | ministritest ministreist | |
allative | ministrile | ministritele ministreile | |
adessive | ministril | ministritel ministreil | |
ablative | ministrilt | ministritelt ministreilt | |
translative | ministriks | ministriteks ministreiks | |
terminative | ministrini | ministriteni | |
essive | ministrina | ministritena | |
abessive | ministrita | ministriteta | |
comitative | ministriga | ministritega |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “minister”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “minister”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- minister in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Inari Sami edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
minister
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
Inflection edit
Odd inflection | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | minister | ministereh |
Accusative | minister | ministerijd |
Genitive | minister | ministerij |
Illative | ministerân | ministeráid |
Locative | ministerist | ministerijn |
Comitative | ministeráin | ministerijguin |
Abessive | ministerttáá | ministerijttáá |
Essive | ministerin | — |
Partitive | ministerid | — |
Derived terms edit
Kashubian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from German Minister.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
minister m pers (related adjective ministrów or ministersczi or ministerialny)
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | minister | ministrowie |
genitive | ministra | ministrów |
dative | ministrowi | ministróm |
accusative | ministra | ministrów |
instrumental | ministrã | ministrama |
locative | ministrze | ministrach |
vocative | minister/ministrze | ministrowie |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “mińister”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego[2] (in Kashubian), page 101
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “minister”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[3], volume 1, page 1040
- “minister”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Ladin edit
Noun edit
minister m (plural ministeres)
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *minosteros. Equivalent to minus + comparative suffix *-teros. Compare magister.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /miˈnis.ter/, [mɪˈnɪs̠t̪ɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /miˈnis.ter/, [miˈnist̪er]
Noun edit
minister m (genitive ministrī, feminine ministra or ministrīx); second declension
Declension edit
Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | minister | ministrī |
Genitive | ministrī | ministrōrum |
Dative | ministrō | ministrīs |
Accusative | ministrum | ministrōs |
Ablative | ministrō | ministrīs |
Vocative | minister | ministrī |
Coordinate terms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Catalan: ministre
- → Danish: minister
- → Greenlandic: ministeri
- → Galician: ministro
- German: Minister
- Hungarian: miniszter
- Italian: ministro
- Occitan: ministre
- → Old French: ministre
- → Old Polish: minister (learned)
- → Portuguese: ministro
- Romanian: ministru
- Russian: мини́стр (minístr)
- Serbo-Croatian: ministar
- Spanish: ministro
References edit
- “minister”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “minister”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
minister
- Alternative form of ministre
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
minister
- Alternative form of mynystren
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Noun edit
minister m (definite singular ministeren, indefinite plural ministere or ministre or ministrer, definite plural ministerne or ministrene)
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “minister” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Noun edit
minister m (definite singular ministeren, indefinite plural ministrar, definite plural ministrane)
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “minister” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin minister.[1][2][3] First attested in 1484.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
minister m pers (related adjective ministrowski)
- (religion, attested in Lesser Poland) minister (senior member of the tertiary fraternity, assistant and deputy of the monk who takes care of the fraternity)
- 1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI[4], Krakow, page 716:
- Ministrovye albo prelaczy thego braczthva (ministri loci) mayą sye o tho vczyecz do bysskupow
- [Ministrowie albo prełaci tego bractwa (ministri loci) mają sie o to uciec do biskupow]
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “minister”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “minister”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “minister”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “minister”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish minister. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French ministre.[1]
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /miˈɲis.tɛr/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /miˈɲis.tɛr/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -istɛr
- Syllabification: mi‧nis‧ter
Noun edit
minister m pers (female equivalent minister or ministerka, abbreviation min.)
- (government) minister (politician who heads a ministry)
- (government) high-ranking official in the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland
- (obsolete, religion) minister (a person who is trained to preach, to perform religious ceremonies, and to afford pastoral care at a Protestant church)
- (obsolete, Protestantism) Protestant evangelist, Protestant preacher
- Synonym: predykant
- Hypernyms: homiletyk, kaznodzieja
- (obsolete, Roman Catholicism) abbot, prior (high-ranking member of a monastery)
- (obsolete, Roman Catholicism) minister (assistant in a Jesuit cloister)
- (obsolete, Roman Catholicism) head of a Franciscan cloister
- (government, obsolete) official (person who works in government)
- Synonym: oficjalista
- (Middle Polish, biblical, expressive, paganism) priest of pagan cults
- (Middle Polish, Roman Catholicism, derogatory, ironic) heretical priest; supporter of heresy
- (Middle Polish, Roman Catholicism) Catholic preacher
- (Middle Polish) steward (chief administrator of a medieval manor)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | minister | ministrowie/ministry (deprecative) |
genitive | ministra | ministrów |
dative | ministrowi | ministrom |
accusative | ministra | ministrów |
instrumental | ministrem | ministrami |
locative | ministrze | ministrach |
vocative | ministrze | ministrowie |
Noun edit
minister f (indeclinable)
- (government) female equivalent of minister (“minister”)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), minister is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 6 times in scientific texts, 213 times in news, 30 times in essays, 2 times in fiction, and 9 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 260 times, making it the 201st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
References edit
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “minister”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “minister”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language][1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 149
Further reading edit
- minister in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- minister in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “minister”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “MINISTER”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.03.2013
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “minister”, in Słownik języka polskiego[5]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “minister”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[6]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “minister”, in Słownik języka polskiego[7] (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 990
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French ministère.
Pronunciation edit
Audio: (file)
Noun edit
minister n (plural ministere)
Related terms edit
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish minister.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
minister m pers (related adjective ministeryjalny)
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- minister in silling.org
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio: (file)
Noun edit
minister c
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
- a minister (in the foreign affairs administration)
Declension edit
Declension of minister | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | minister | ministern | ministrar | ministrarna |
Genitive | ministers | ministerns | ministrars | ministrarnas |
Derived terms edit
West Frisian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French ministre.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
minister c (plural ministers)
- (government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “minister”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (small)
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Religion
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Government
- English terms with quotations
- English terms derived from Middle French
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English terms with archaic senses
- en:Occupations
- en:People
- Danish terms borrowed from Latin
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- da:Government
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey-
- Dutch terms borrowed from French
- Dutch terms derived from French
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- nl:Government
- Dutch terms borrowed from Latin
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- nl:Religion
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- et:Government
- Estonian õpik-type nominals
- et:Occupations
- Inari Sami lemmas
- Inari Sami nouns
- smn:Government
- Inari Sami odd nouns
- Kashubian terms derived from French
- Kashubian terms derived from Latin
- Kashubian terms borrowed from German
- Kashubian terms derived from German
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian nouns
- Kashubian masculine nouns
- Kashubian personal nouns
- csb:Government
- csb:Occupations
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin nouns
- Ladin masculine nouns
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the second declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- la:Occupations
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English verbs
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- no:Government
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- nn:Government
- Old Polish terms borrowed from Latin
- Old Polish learned borrowings from Latin
- Old Polish terms derived from Latin
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- Old Polish personal nouns
- zlw-opl:Religion
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms derived from Latin
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish semantic loans from French
- Polish terms derived from French
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/istɛr
- Rhymes:Polish/istɛr/3 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish personal nouns
- pl:Government
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- pl:Religion
- pl:Protestantism
- pl:Roman Catholicism
- Middle Polish
- pl:Bible
- pl:Paganism
- Polish derogatory terms
- Polish indeclinable nouns
- Polish feminine nouns
- Polish female equivalent nouns
- pl:Female people
- pl:Male people
- pl:Occupations
- pl:Poland
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms with audio links
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Silesian terms derived from Latin
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/istɛr
- Rhymes:Silesian/istɛr/3 syllables
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian nouns
- Silesian masculine nouns
- Silesian personal nouns
- szl:Government
- szl:Occupations
- Swedish terms with audio links
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- sv:Government
- sv:Occupations
- West Frisian terms borrowed from French
- West Frisian terms derived from French
- West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian nouns
- West Frisian common-gender nouns
- fy:Government