sap
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.
The longstanding practice of sapping trees influenced the sense evolution of the military term as trench warfare receded from public conscience.
Noun edit
sap (countable and uncountable, plural saps)
- (uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.
- (uncountable) The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
- Any juice.
- (figurative) Vitality.
- (slang, countable) A naive person; a simpleton.
- Synonyms: milksop, saphead
- Look at the sap mowing our lawn while we pretend our own lawnmower is broken.
- 1997, “Don't Look Down”, in Curtains, performed by Tindersticks:
- She said I'm such a sap, I'm such a jerk / Can't I ever forget the way that we are / Spend all your time with your eyes on the ground / Looking for the stars
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)
- (transitive) To drain, suck or absorb from (tree, etc.).
- (transitive, figurative) To exhaust the vitality of.
Etymology 2 edit
Probably from sapling.
Noun edit
sap (plural saps)
- (countable, US, slang) A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack.
- 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
- I risk my whole future, the hatred of the cops and Eddie Mars' gang. I dodge bullets and eat saps.
- 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
Translations edit
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Verb edit
sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)
- (transitive, slang) To strike with a sap (with a blackjack).
- 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
- [A]s he passes the mouth of a narrow alley two men step out quickly. One of them saps Marlowe expertly — they drag him out of sight.
- 1964, Raymond Chandler, Killer in the Rain:
- And when he had me up there he would sap me again and I wouldn't remember anything that happened in between the two sappings.
- 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
Translations edit
Etymology 3 edit
From French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).
Noun edit
sap (plural saps)
- (military) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)
- (transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.
- 1717, John Dryden [et al.], “(please specify |book=I to XV)”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, / Their houses fell upon their household gods.
- (transitive, military) To pierce with saps.
- (transitive) To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.
- 1850, Alfred Tennyson, Ring, Out, Wild Bells:
- Ring out the grief that saps the mind […]
- (transitive) To gradually weaken.
- to sap one’s conscience
- he saps my energy
- (intransitive) To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.
Translations edit
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Anagrams edit
Aromanian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Vulgar Latin *sappō, from Latin sappa. Compare Romanian săpa, sap, French saper, Italian zappare, Sicilian zappari, Spanish zapar, Friulian sapâ, Venetian sapar, Latin sappa.
Verb edit
sap first-singular present indicative (past participle sãpatã)
- to dig (with a pick)
Related terms edit
See also edit
Azerbaijani edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Turkic *sạp-.
Noun edit
sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)
Declension edit
Declension of sap | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | sap |
saplar | ||||||
definite accusative | sapı |
sapları | ||||||
dative | sapa |
saplara | ||||||
locative | sapda |
saplarda | ||||||
ablative | sapdan |
saplardan | ||||||
definite genitive | sapın |
sapların |
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)
Declension edit
Declension of sap | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | sap |
saplar | ||||||
definite accusative | sapı |
sapları | ||||||
dative | sapa |
saplara | ||||||
locative | sapda |
saplarda | ||||||
ablative | sapdan |
saplardan | ||||||
definite genitive | sapın |
sapların |
Further reading edit
- “sap” in Obastan.com.
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Back-formation from cepell.
Noun edit
sap m (plural saps)
- common heather
- Synonyms: bruguerola, bronsa
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
sap
Further reading edit
- “sap” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch sap, from Old Dutch *sap, from Proto-West Germanic *sap.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sap n (plural sappen, diminutive sapje n)
- juice
- Hyponyms: aalbessensap, appelsap, citroensap, druivensap, sinaasappelsap, vruchtensap
- sap (fluid in plants)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ J. de Vries & F. de Tollenaere, "Etymologisch Woordenboek", Uitgeverij Het Spectrum, Utrecht, 1986 (14de druk)
Anagrams edit
Hokkien edit
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 圾 (“garbage; rubbish; clod”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 圾). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 屑 (“bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments; trifling; trivial; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 屑). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 雪 (“snow; to snow; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 雪). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 霎 (“light rain; drizzle; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 霎). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 歃 (“to drink; to suck; to smear on the mouth; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 歃). |
Kholosi edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sap ?
References edit
- Eric Anonby, Hassan Mohebi Bahmani (2014) “Shipwrecked and Landlocked: Kholosi, an Indo-Aryan Language in South-west Iran”, in Cahier de Studia Iranica xx[2], pages 13-36
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English sæp, from Proto-West Germanic *sap, from Proto-Indo-European *sep-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sap (uncountable)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “sā̆p(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sap
Romani edit
Etymology edit
From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa), from Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá, “snake”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sarpás. Cognate with Punjabi ਸੱਪ (sappa, “snake”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sap m (plural sapa)
- snake
- Kana sas anθ-o veś, jekh sap dandardǎs man.
- While I was in the woods, a snake bit me.
References edit
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sap”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 766
- Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction[3], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 40
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “sap, ~a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 154
Romanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sap
Tausug edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sap
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish صاپ (sap, “handle; stalk; hair”), from Proto-Turkic *sạp (“handle”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (sap).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
sap
- (slang) not having a significant other
Noun edit
sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)
Declension edit
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | sap | |
Definite accusative | sapı | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | sap | saplar |
Definite accusative | sapı | sapları |
Dative | sapa | saplara |
Locative | sapta | saplarda |
Ablative | saptan | saplardan |
Genitive | sapın | sapların |
Veps edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *sappi.
Noun edit
sap
Declension edit
Inflection of sap (inflection type 2/kodi) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | sap | ||
genitive sing. | sapin | ||
partitive sing. | sapid | ||
partitive plur. | sapid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | sap | sapid | |
accusative | sapin | sapid | |
genitive | sapin | sapiden | |
partitive | sapid | sapid | |
essive-instructive | sapin | sapin | |
translative | sapikš | sapikš | |
inessive | sapiš | sapiš | |
elative | sapišpäi | sapišpäi | |
illative | sapihe | sapihe | |
adessive | sapil | sapil | |
ablative | sapilpäi | sapilpäi | |
allative | sapile | sapile | |
abessive | sapita | sapita | |
comitative | sapinke | sapidenke | |
prolative | sapidme | sapidme | |
approximative I | sapinno | sapidenno | |
approximative II | sapinnoks | sapidennoks | |
egressive | sapinnopäi | sapidennopäi | |
terminative I | sapihesai | sapihesai | |
terminative II | sapilesai | sapilesai | |
terminative III | sapissai | — | |
additive I | sapihepäi | sapihepäi | |
additive II | sapilepäi | sapilepäi |
Volapük edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin sapiō (“I am wise”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sap
Zhuang edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θaːp˧˥/
- Tone numbers: sap7
- Hyphenation: sap
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Tai *saːpᴰ (“cockroach”). Cognate with Thai สาบ (sàap), Lao ສາບ (sāp), Shan သၢပ်ႇ (sàap), Bouyei saabt.
Noun edit
sap (Sawndip form 𫊷, 1957–1982 spelling sap)
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb edit
sap (1957–1982 spelling sap)
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/æp
- Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English slang
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- American English
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- en:Military
- English intransitive verbs
- en:Liquids
- en:Weapons
- Aromanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Aromanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Aromanian terms inherited from Latin
- Aromanian terms derived from Latin
- Aromanian lemmas
- Aromanian verbs
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Catalan/ap
- Rhymes:Catalan/ap/1 syllable
- Catalan back-formations
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan verb forms
- ca:Heather family plants
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑp
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑp/1 syllable
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch neuter nouns
- nl:Beverages
- nl:Liquids
- Chinese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hokkien pe̍h-ōe-jī forms
- Chinese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Chinese proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Kholosi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Kholosi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Kholosi lemmas
- Kholosi nouns
- inc-kho:Animals
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English uncountable nouns
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- enm:Botany
- enm:Liquids
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ap
- Rhymes:Polish/ap/1 syllable
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish verb forms
- Romani terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Romani terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Romani terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Romani terms derived from Sanskrit
- Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Romani lemmas
- Romani nouns
- Romani masculine nouns
- Romani terms with usage examples
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian non-lemma forms
- Romanian verb forms
- Tausug terms borrowed from Malay
- Tausug terms derived from Malay
- Tausug lemmas
- Tausug nouns
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish adjectives
- Turkish slang
- Turkish nouns
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- Veps kodi-type nominals
- Volapük terms borrowed from Latin
- Volapük terms derived from Latin
- Volapük terms with IPA pronunciation
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük nouns
- Zhuang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zhuang 1-syllable words
- Zhuang terms inherited from Proto-Tai
- Zhuang terms derived from Proto-Tai
- Zhuang lemmas
- Zhuang nouns
- Zhuang verbs