solidus
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English solidus, from classical Latin solidus (“solid”), see below.
In numismatic and weight senses, via medieval Latin solidus (“various coins”), from Late Latin solidus (“a gold coin of the Roman Empire”). In chemical sense, via German Solidus, coined by H.W.B. Roozeboom in his 1899 Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Stöchiometrie, und Verwandtschaftslehre (XXX, page 387).
In typography, from the shilling mark originally being an abbreviation (a long s ⟨ſ⟩), of Medieval Latin solidus meaning shilling.
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) enPR: sŏl'ĭdəs, IPA(key): /ˈsɑlɪdəs/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈsɒlɪdəs/
Audio (US) (file)
Noun edit
solidus (plural solidi or soliduses)
- (historical) Various medieval and early modern coins or units of account, particularly:
- A Roman ~23k gold coin introduced by Diocletian in AD 301 and called by that name, but reissued at a slightly lower weight by Constantine I.
- Its successor Byzantine coins, from the eleventh century onward of progressively debased weight and purity.
- (obsolete) Synonym of sol or sou: a Carolingian unit of account equivalent to a solidus of silver.
- (obsolete) Synonym of soldo: the silver coins of various Italian states.
- (obsolete) Synonym of shilling: an English unit of account and, following the Tudor dynasty, silver coin.
- (historical) The weight of the Roman gold coin, 1/60 of a Roman pound under Diocletian or 1/72 lb. (about 4.5 grams) after Constantine.
- (historical) A medieval French weight, 1/20 of the Carolingian pound.
- (typography) Synonym of slash ⟨/⟩, originally (UK) in its use as the shilling mark and now its formal designation by the ISO and Unicode.
- (typography) The formal name of the oblique strikethrough overlay (as in A̷ and B̸) in Unicode.
- (typography) The division line between the numerator and the denominator of a fraction, whether horizontal or oblique.
- (chemistry, physics) The line in a phase diagram marking the temperatures and pressures below which a given substance is a stable solid.
Synonyms edit
- (Roman coin): nomisma, bezant (in Greek and Byzantine contexts)
- (debased Byzantine successors): nomisma, hyperpyron, bezant
- (typographic symbols): See slash and strikethrough
Translations edit
See also edit
- (Roman coin under Diocletian): argenteus (notionally 1/10 solidus); nummus (1/40); radiate (1/200); laureate (1/500); denarius (1/1000)
- (Roman coin after Constantine I): miliarense (notionally 1/12 solidus); siliqua (1/24; a modern term); follis (1/180); nummus (1/7200)
- (Byzantine coins): dinar (a ~20k Arabian copy); semissis (notionally 1/2 solidus); tremissis (1/3 solidus)
- (English coin): pound, pound sterling, libra (20 solidi); penny, denarius (1/12 solidus)
- (Roman weight): Roman pound, librum (72 solidi); siliqua (1/24 solidus)
- (French weight): livre, librum, pound (20 solidi); denarius, denier (1/12 solidus)
- liquidus
- macron
- vinculum
References edit
- Oxford English Dictionary, "solidus, n.1" and "solidus, n.2"
- “solidus”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “solidus”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *soliðos, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-i-dʰ-o-s (“entire”), suffixed form of root *solh₂- (“integrate, whole”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈso.li.dus/, [ˈs̠ɔlʲɪd̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈso.li.dus/, [ˈsɔːlid̪us]
Adjective edit
solidus (feminine solida, neuter solidum, comparative solidior, superlative solidissimus, adverb solidē); first/second-declension adjective
Declension edit
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | solidus | solida | solidum | solidī | solidae | solida | |
Genitive | solidī | solidae | solidī | solidōrum | solidārum | solidōrum | |
Dative | solidō | solidō | solidīs | ||||
Accusative | solidum | solidam | solidum | solidōs | solidās | solida | |
Ablative | solidō | solidā | solidō | solidīs | |||
Vocative | solide | solida | solidum | solidī | solidae | solida |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Inherited:
- Borrowed:
Noun edit
solidus m (genitive solidī); second declension
- A solidus: a Roman ~23-carat gold coin introduced by Diocletian in AD 301.
- (Medieval Latin) A bezant: the solidus's debased Byzantine successors.
- (Medieval Latin) A shilling, as a unit of account or silver coin.
- c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:
- Libra continet viginti solidos
- The [London] pound contains twenty shillings.
Declension edit
Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | solidus | solidī |
Genitive | solidī | solidōrum |
Dative | solidō | solidīs |
Accusative | solidum | solidōs |
Ablative | solidō | solidīs |
Vocative | solide | solidī |
Descendants edit
References edit
- “solidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “solidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- solidus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- solidus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “solidus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- solidus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “solidus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- “solid”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “solidus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 12: Sk–š, page 49
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “sŏlĭdus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 608
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
solidus m (definite singular solidusen, indefinite plural solidi, definite plural solidiene)
- (historical, numismatics) a solidus
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
solidus m (plural solidusen)
- (historical, numismatics) a solidus
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
solidus n (uncountable)
Declension edit
singular | ||
---|---|---|
n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (un) solidus | solidusul |
genitive/dative | (unui) solidus | solidusului |
vocative | solidusule |
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *solh₂-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms derived from German
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English terms with historical senses
- English terms with obsolete senses
- en:Typography
- British English
- en:Chemistry
- en:Physics
- en:Coins
- en:Diacritical marks
- en:France
- en:Italy
- en:Punctuation marks
- en:Roman Empire
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *solh₂-
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin first and second declension adjectives
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the second declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Medieval Latin
- Latin terms with quotations
- la:Coins
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with historical senses
- nb:Currency
- nb:Coins
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with historical senses
- nn:Currency
- nn:Coins
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- ro:Physics