tu
English edit
Particle edit
tu
- Pronunciation spelling of to, representing African-American Vernacular English.
Afar edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tú f
Declension edit
Declension of tú | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | tú | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | tú | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | tú | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | tú | |||||||||||||||||
|
Synonyms edit
References edit
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “tu”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Ainu edit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : tu Ordinal : tu ikinne | ||
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
tu (Kana spelling トゥ)
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
Unknown.
Noun edit
tu
Aromanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (singular)
Related terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Compare tru.
Preposition edit
tu
Synonyms edit
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (singular)
Atong (India) edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
tu (Bengali script তু)
Synonyms edit
References edit
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 2.
Bambara edit
Noun edit
tu
Verb edit
tu
- to spit (out)
Batuley edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Indonesian tua.
Adjective edit
tu
References edit
- Daigle (2015). Cited in: "Batuley" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Big Nambas edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tu
- give
- Patu pai ani!
- Give him a yam!.
References edit
- Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox
Bislama edit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : tu | ||
Etymology 1 edit
Numeral edit
tu
Etymology 2 edit
Adverb edit
tu
Borôro edit
Verb edit
tu
- to go
Breton edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Welsh tu, Cornish tu.
Noun edit
tu m
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
From Old Catalan tu, from Latin tū.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu
Declension edit
See also edit
References edit
- “tu” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chilcotin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun edit
tu
References edit
- Eung-Do Cook (2013) A Tsilhqút'ín Grammar
Chipewyan edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan [Term?]; cognate with Hän chuu, Ahtna tuu, Deg Xinag te, Navajo tó, Gwich'in chųų, etc.
Noun edit
tu
References edit
- Eung-Do Cook (2004) A grammar of Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan), page 350
Coatecas Altas Zapotec edit
Numeral edit
tu
References edit
- SIL Zapotec Basic Vocabulary, page 52
Cornish edit
Adjective edit
tu
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Czech tu, from Proto-Slavic *tu.
Adverb edit
tu
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun edit
tu
Further reading edit
Drung edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tawŋ.
Numeral edit
tu
References edit
- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[3], Santa Barbara: University of California
Ewe edit
Noun edit
tu (plural tuwo)
Verb edit
tu
Fala edit
Determiner edit
tu f sg
- (Lagarteiru) Apocopic form of túa (“your”)
Usage notes edit
- Used in Lagarteiru before a feminine singular noun as part of a noun phrase.
See also edit
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |||
Possessor | First person | Singular | mei | miña | meis | miñas |
Plural | nosu | nosa | nosus | nosas | ||
Second person | Singular | tei | túa, tu1 | teis | túas, tus1 | |
Plural | vosu | vosa | vosus | vosas | ||
Third person | sei | súa, su1 | seis | súas, sus1 |
- Determiner forms used in Lagarteiru before a noun.
References edit
Fanagalo edit
Etymology edit
Numeral edit
tu
Fijian edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tu
French edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ty/
Audio (France) (file) - (Quebec) IPA(key): [t͡sy], [t͡sʏ]
- (Louisiana) IPA(key): [ti], [t͡ʃy]
- Homophones: tue, tues, tuent, tus, tut, tût
- Rhymes: -y
Etymology 1 edit
From Old French tu, from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Cognates with the exact same usage are the Italian tu, as well as du in German or ты in Russian.
Pronoun edit
tu (second person informal singular, plural vous, object te, emphatic toi, possessive determiner ton)
Usage notes edit
- When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered somewhat impolite to say the pronoun moi first, etiquette says it must be the last one, and toi must be said after a third person:
- Rose, toi et moi irons là-bas., “Rose, you and I will go there.”
- "Tu" is used to address one person in an informal situation. Older people tend to exclusively use it with familiar people, and do not use it with unfamiliar adults unless invited to; but younger people use this pronoun much more, using it together in any informal situation, even if they don't know each other. Using "vous" in this context will be seen as old-fashioned and distant.
- "Tu" is not typically used in formal settings such as business meetings and never in court, regardless of the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
- Using "vous" when "tu" would be more appropriate will come across as rigid and awkward; however, using "tu" when "vous" would be more appropriate could come over as deliberate disrespect. For this reason, as a rule of thumb, it is advised to use "vous" if in doubt, as it is "all-encompassing".
- Children are always addressed using "tu" – vous would come over as comical. In elementary, middle, and high schools, teachers address students using "tu", but students address teachers using vous*. In higher education usage of vous becomes more common in both directions.
- In formal written communication to any adult, use vous. Not doing so may come over as unprofessional at best, deliberately disrespectful at worst.
*However, depending on the region or type of school, other norms may be more used in place. For example, in Quebec (not the rest of Canada), it is more common for students to use "tu" with their teachers.[1]
As a final note: These come as natural to a person who grew up in a French-speaking country, but not necessarily for outsiders. If you are obviously a foreigner, people will normally be forgiving of such mistakes.
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- vous (plural form and polite singular form)
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||
Gender neutral5 | iel | lea | ellui | |||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | eux | |
Feminine | elles | elles | ||||
Gender neutral5 | iels | elleux |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
- 5 Colloquial, and not in popular use.
References edit
- ^ Brad (2015 May 16) “The use of “VOUS” versus “TU” — in CANADA – Post 2 of 2 (#269)”, in Quebec Culture Blog, retrieved 2023-06-25: “This student / teacher trend of “tutoiement” does not really apply in Canadian provinces outside of Québec.”
Etymology 2 edit
Participle edit
tu (feminine tue, masculine plural tus, feminine plural tues)
- past participle of taire
Etymology 3 edit
From t-il.
Particle edit
tu
Further reading edit
- “tu”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Friulian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun edit
tu
See also edit
Gaulish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun edit
tū (plural suīs)
Inflection edit
- Nominative: tū
- Accusative: ti/te
- Dative: toi
References edit
- Václav Blažek (2008) “Gaulish Language”, in Sborník prací filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity / Studia minora facultatis philosophicae universitatis brunensis[5], page 59
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tu
Iban edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
tu
- this (what is being indicated)
Pronoun edit
tu
See also edit
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from English thou, French tu, German du, Italian tu, Spanish tú, Russian ты (ty), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ with + -u.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu (second person singular)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
Interlingua edit
Etymology edit
From Latin and common Romance tu.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu (second person singular)
Inflection edit
subject | tu |
---|---|
object | te |
reflexive | te |
possessive | tu, tue |
Determiner edit
tu
- (possessive) your
Italian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu (second person singular)
Usage notes edit
- Italian being a pro-drop language, subject pronouns are mostly omitted, both in the written and spoken language, as the inflected verb is conjugated by person. An example would be: Mangi una mela, which is much more common than Tu mangi una mela, where the subject can be inferred from the inflected form mangi ; similarly È carina instead of Lei è carina. The explicit usage of personal pronouns may sound redundant to a native speaker, except when it is used in order to emphasize the subject. (Tu mangi una mela could be interpreted as You are eating an apple and I am not)..
- The second-person pronoun in particular can sound confidential and, in some cases, even impolite.
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Further reading edit
- tu in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Jamaican Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
tu
- to
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 3 Jan 1:1:
- Da leta ya a kom fram mi, di elda — tu mi speshal fren, Gaiyos. Mi fren, mi riili riili lov yu.
- This letter comes from the elder to Gaius, my dear friend, whom I love in the truth.
Further reading edit
- tu at majstro.com
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
tu
Kalasha edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (2nd-person personal pronoun)
See also edit
Kalo Finnish Romani edit
Etymology edit
From Romani tu, from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (singular)
References edit
- “tu” in Finnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
Kashubian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
tu (not comparable)
Further reading edit
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “tu”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego[6] (in Kashubian), page 216
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “tu”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[7], page 1164
- “tu”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Khumi Chin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tu. Cognates include Burmese တူ (tu) and Chinese 錘/锤 (chuí).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tu
References edit
- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[8], Payap University, page 48
Ladino edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu (Latin spelling)
See also edit
Adjective edit
tu (Latin spelling)
Latgalian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates include Latvian tu and Lithuanian tu.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu
Declension edit
See also edit
References edit
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /tuː/, [t̪uː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /tu/, [t̪uː]
Pronoun edit
tū (second person singular, possessive adjective tuus)
Usage notes edit
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
Declension edit
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | |||||
Case / Gender | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |||||
Nominative | egō̆ | tū | — | is | ea | id | nōs | vōs | — | eī iī |
eae | ea | |
Genitive | meī | tuī | suī | eius | nostrī nostrum |
vestrī vestrum |
suī | eōrum | eārum | eōrum | |||
Dative | mihī̆ | tibī̆ | sibi | eī | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi | eīs | |||||
Accusative | mē | tē | sē sēsē |
eum | eam | id | nōs | vōs | sē sēsē |
eōs | eās | ea | |
Ablative | mē | tē | sē sēsē | eō | eā | eō | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē sēsē |
eīs | |||
Vocative | egō | tū | — | nōs | vōs | — |
Quotations edit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:tu.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Aromanian: tu
- Corsican: tù
- Dalmatian: te
- Friulian: tu
- Istro-Romanian: tú
- Italian: tu
- Ladin: tu
- Megleno-Romanian: tu
- Mozarabic: ت (tu)
- Navarro-Aragonese: tu
- Aragonese: tu
- Neapolitan: tu
- Old French: tu
- Old Leonese:
- Old Occitan: tu
- Old Galician-Portuguese: tu
- Old Spanish: tu
- Romanian: tu
- Romansch: tu, tü
- Shona: tue
- Sicilian: tu
- Venetian: ti
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | ēius | eī | eum | eō | ēius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
References edit
- "tu", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- "tu", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. The Latvian tevis comes from *tevens, with an -en-increased form showing an additional s by analogy with other genitive plurals. The dative form was originally closer to Old Prussian tebbei; the current form tev has a v due to influence from other declension forms, and the ending was reduced. The accusative tevi comes from *teven, with n by analogy to the accusative form of other words. The locative tevī was formed by analogy with i-stem nouns.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu (personal, 2nd person singular)
- (informal in the singular) you; (dated) thou; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee
- vai tu nāksi man līdzi? ― are you coming with me?
- pieder tautai, tad tauta piederēs tev! ― belong to the people, and then the people will belong to you!
- būt uz tu ar kādu ― to be on intimate terms (lit. to be on thou) with someone
- (in the expression “ak tu...”) used to strengthen the meaning of a word or expression
- "ak tu to skaļo gaiļa rīkli!" māte priecājas ― "oh you loud rooster throat!" mother said happily
- ak tu mūžs! cūka izlauzusies no aizgalda! ― ah (you) life! the pig escaped from the pen!
Usage notes edit
The dative form tevim is used only optionally, with prepositions.
Declension edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “tu”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuˀ (“you”), from Proto-Indo-European *tuH. The oblique stem tav- has been generalized from the Proto-Indo-European genitive *téwe. For a discussion of the case endings, see àš (“I”).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tù
- you (singular)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
singular (vienaskaita) | dual (dviskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | reflexive (sangrąžiniai) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||||||||
nominative (vardininkas) |
àš | tù | jìs, jisaĩ |
jì, jinaĩ |
mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu, jiẽdu |
jiẽdvi | mẽs | jū̃s | jiẽ | jõs | - | ||||
genitive (kilmininkas) |
manę̃s | tavę̃s | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | savę̃s | ||||||||
dative (naudininkas) |
mán | táu | jám | jái | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mùms | jùms | jíems | jóms | sáu | |||||||
accusative (galininkas) |
manè | tavè | jį̃ | ją̃ | mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu | jiẽdvi | mùs | jùs | juõs | jàs | savè | ||||
instrumental (įnagininkas) |
manimì, manim̃ | tavimì, tavim̃ | juõ | jà | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mumìs | jumìs | jaĩs | jomìs | savimì, savim̃ | |||||||
locative (vietininkas) |
manyjè, manỹ | tavyjè, tavỹ | jamè | jojè | mùdviese | jùdviese | jiẽdviese | mumysè | jumysè | juosè | josè | savyjè, savỹ | |||||||
possessive (savybiniai) |
màno | tàvo | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | sàvo |
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
tu
Lower Tanana edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun edit
tu
References edit
- James Kari (1991) Lower Tanana Athabaskan Listening and Writing Exercises
Malay edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
tu
- (colloquial) that (what is being indicated)
Pronoun edit
tu
- (colloquial) that (that thing)
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
tu
- Nonstandard spelling of tū.
- Nonstandard spelling of tú.
- Nonstandard spelling of tǔ.
- Nonstandard spelling of tù.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Masurian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish tu.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
tu
- here
- 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 52:
- – Ale tu ni más nikogo do ôbsóndzéniá.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Mezquital Otomi edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Otomi *dų, from Proto-Otomian [Term?], from Proto-Oto-Pamean *tõ, from Proto-Oto-Manguean *ti(n).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tu (intransitive)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tu
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tu
Middle English edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- Alternative form of þou (“thou”)
Mirandese edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (the second-person singular pronoun)
Neapolitan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (second-person singular nominative pronoun)
References edit
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1653: “voglio che tu finisca” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
Nigerian Pidgin edit
Etymology 1 edit
Adverb edit
tu
Etymology 2 edit
Numeral edit
tu
North Frisian edit
Preposition edit
tu
- (Mooring) to
- 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
- Gung am tu Sam
Am an Tram;- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
Northern Kurdish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
Central Kurdish | تۆ (to) |
---|---|
Southern Kurdish | ت (ti) |
tu (second person singular)
Related terms edit
See also edit
See also edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
Preposition edit
tu
Occitan edit
Etymology edit
From Old Occitan tu, from Latin tū.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (singular)
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
tu
Descendants edit
- Czech: tu
Further reading edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “tu”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *twō, neuter of *twai.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
tū
Old Galician-Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- thou, you (singular second person pronoun)
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 149 (facsimile):
- eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida.
- Lady, I beg you, please take me out of this dark prison and let me see your beautiful face in Heaven.
Descendants edit
Old Irish edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- Alternative spelling of tú
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
tu | thu | tu pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- here (at this place)
- Synonym: tuta
- here, hither (to this place)
- then (at that time)
- here (in this situation)
Descendants edit
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “tu”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Swedish edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- Alternative form of þū
Phalura edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit तुवम् (tuvam, “thou”).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling توۡ)
- you (2sg nom subject or direct object)
References edit
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish tu.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /tu/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈtu/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) Audio 3 (file) Audio 4 (file) - Rhymes: -u
- Syllabification: tu
Adverb edit
tu
Particle edit
tu
- (colloquial, telephony) used by the speaker to introduce themselves on the telephone; speaking
- Synonyms: tutaj, z tej strony
- Tu Janek! ― Janek speaking!
- used by the speaker to indicate they are thinking
- (colloquial) expressive particle, usually of anger
- (colloquial) particle of uncertainty of success on the speaker's part
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tu is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1-2 times in scientific texts, 42 times in news, 113 times in essays, 169 times in fiction, and 353 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 779 times, making it the 57th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- tu in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- tu in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “TU”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 30.03.2020
- “TU”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.09.2008
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego[10]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[11]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego[12] (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 162
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -u
- Hyphenation: tu
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese tu, from Latin tū (“you”), from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).
Pronoun edit
tu
- (informal in Portugal, literary, archaic or regional in Brazil) you; thou (singular second person pronoun)
- Synonyms: (Brazil, formal) o senhor, (formal in Portugal, neutral in Brazil) você, (formal, archaic) vossa mercê, (formal, archaic) vosmecê, (formal, obsolete) vossemecê
- (Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) second-person singular prepositional pronoun
- Ela gosta de tu. ― She's into you.
Usage notes edit
- Tu has fallen out of use in some regions of Brazil, including most of the Southeast and the Centre-West, where "você" has taken its place. It is still very commonly used in various regions of the country though, such as most of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, parts of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro city and most of the Northeast and North regions. It should be noted that in Rio de Janeiro the pronoun is frequently employed interchangeably with você. Despite the media's preference for "você", the usage of "tu" seems to have been gaining ground throughout the last few decades in Rio (see [13], a linguistic research on the topic in Portuguese), being most frequent among younger speakers.
- According to grammars, tu should always take second person singular verbs, as is the case in Portugal and some parts of Brazil. However, in most Brazilian dialects which employ tu, it now takes third person singular verbs, like você.
See also edit
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
Etymology 2 edit
Interjection edit
tu
- (onomatopoeia) the sound produced by a telephone after one of the callers hangs up
Romani edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (singular)
Descendants edit
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | me | man | manqe | manθe | manθar | mança | miro, -i, -e |
Second | — | tu | tut | tuqe | tuθe | tuθar | tuça | tiro, -i, -e | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pes | pesqe | pesθe | pesθar | peça | pesqero, -i, -e | |
Third | Masculine | ov | les | lesqe | lesθe | lesθar | leça | lesqero, -i, -e | |
Feminine | oj | la | laqe | laθe | laθar | laça | laqero, -i, -e | ||
Plural | First | — | amen | amenqe | amenθe | amenθar | amença | amaro, -i, -e | |
Second | — | tumen | tumenqe | tumenθe | tumenθar | tumença | tumaro, -i, -e | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | pen | penqe | penθe | penθar | pença | penqero, -i, -e | |
Third | — | on | len | lenqe | lenθe | lenθar | lença | lenqero, -i, -e |
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Accusative (long and short forms) | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | me | man, ma | mánge | mánde | mándar | mánsa | múrro m, múrri f, múrre pl |
Second | — | tu | tut, tu | túke | túte | tútar | túsa | tíro m, tíri f, tíre pl | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pês, pe | pêske | pêste | pêstar | pêsa | pêsko m, pêski f, pêske pl | |
Third | Masculine | wo | lês, le | lêske | lêste | lêstar | lêsa | lêsko m, lêski f, lêske pl | |
Feminine | woi | la, la | láke | láte | látar | lása | láko m, láki f, láke pl | ||
Plural | First | — | ame | amên, ame | amênge | amênde | amêndar | amênsa | amáro m, amári f, amáre pl |
Second | — | tume | tumên, tume | tumênge | tumênde | tumêndar | tumênsa | tumáro m, tumári f, tumáre pl | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pên, pe | pênge | pênde | pêndar | pênsa | pêngo m, pêngi f, pênge pl | |
Third | — | won | lên, le | lênge | lênde | lêndar | lênsa | lêngo m, lêngi f, lênge pl |
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (singular), thou
- Synonyms: (semi-polite form) dumneata, (polite form) dumneavoastră
Declension edit
See also edit
Sassarese edit
Etymology edit
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Savi edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
tu
- you; second-person singular and plural personal pronoun
References edit
- Nina Knobloch (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[14], Stockholm University
Scottish Gaelic edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu (emphatic tusa)
- Form of thu (“thou, you”) used after verb forms ending in -n, -s or -dh.
See also edit
simple | emphatic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | |
First person | mi | sinn | mise | sinne |
Second person | thu, tu1) | sibh | thusa, tusa1) | sibhse |
Third person m | e | iad | esan | iadsan |
Third person f | i | ise | ||
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh. |
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *tu.
Adverb edit
tȗ (Cyrillic spelling ту̑)
- here (in this place)
- Tu nikad nismo bili. ― We have never been here.
- (proximal) here, over here (in the indicated place nearby)
- Eno ih tu! ― Here they are!
- over here (to, towards this place)
- Dođi tu! ― Come over here!
Synonyms edit
- (Croatia) tuj
See also edit
Sicilian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
tu (second person singular)
Inflection edit
nominative | tu |
---|---|
prepositional | tia |
object, reflexive | ti |
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish tu.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
tu
- here (at this place)
Further reading edit
- tu in silling.org
Sinte Romani edit
Etymology edit
From Romani tu, from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (singular)
References edit
- “tu” in Sinte Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
Slovene edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
tȕ
- here, in this place
Synonyms edit
Further reading edit
- “tu”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “tu”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
South Slavey edit
Alternative forms edit
- (Jean Marie River) ti
Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognates include Navajo tó and Chipewyan tuu.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tu (stem -tu-)
Inflection edit
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | setué | naxetué | |
2nd person | netué | ||
3rd person | 1) | — | gitué |
2) | metué | gotué | |
4th person | yetué | ||
reflexive | sp. | ɂedetué | kedetué |
unsp. | detué | ||
reciprocal | — | ɂełetué | |
indefinite | ɂetué | ||
areal | gotué | ||
1) Used when the subject is a group of human beings and the object is singular. 2) Used when the previous condition does not apply. |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 90
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
From Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
tu sg (second person singular possessive of singular, of plural tus)
Usage notes edit
- The forms tu and tus are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of tuyo is used instead:
- Son tus libros. ― They are your books.
- Son los libros tuyos. ― They are your books. (literally, “They are the books of yours.”)
Besides being a pronoun, because tu occurs in a noun phrase and expresses reference, it also grammatically classifies as a determiner (specifically a possessive/genitive determiner).
Related terms edit
possessor | preposed | postposed or standalone | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
possessee | possessee | ||||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||
First person: | singular: | mi | mis | mío | mía | míos | mías |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | nuestro | nuestra | nuestros | nuestras | ||
Second person (informal): |
singular: | tu | tus | tuyo | tuya | tuyos | tuyas |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | vuestro | vuestra | vuestros | vuestras | ||
Third person: | su | sus | suyo | suya | suyos | suyas |
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “tu”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan Tongo edit
Etymology 1 edit
Number edit
tu
Etymology 2 edit
Adverb edit
tu
Sudovian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Compare Lithuanian tù, Latvian tu, Old Prussian tu, tou.[1][2]
Pronoun edit
tu
- (second-person singular) you, thou
- “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 2, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):
References edit
- ^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica, volume 21, number 1 (in Lithuanian), Vilnius: VU, , page 80: “tu ‘tu, l. ty’ 2.”
- ^ “tù” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. prn. tu du”.
Swahili edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Adverb edit
tu
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse tvau, neuter nominative/accusative of tveir.
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -ʉː
Numeral edit
tu
Usage notes edit
- tu was the old neuter of två. Thus, one would say "ett hus" (one house), "tu hus" (two houses). The equivalent for the number three was try or tri, which is likewise archaic.
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- tu in Svensk ordbok.
Anagrams edit
Tanacross edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun edit
tu
References edit
- Jeff Leer, Proto-Athabaskan verb stem variation (1979), page 83
Tausug edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqu.
Adjective edit
tu
- right (not left)
Noun edit
tu
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təlu.
Numeral edit
tu
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Austronesian *tuduq.
Noun edit
tu
- a drop
Verb edit
tu (used in the form magtu)
- to drip
Tày edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Tai *tuːᴬ. Cognate with Thai ตู (dtuu), Northern Thai ᨲᩪ, Lao ຕູ (tū), Lü ᦎᦴ (ṫuu), Tai Dam ꪔꪴ, Shan တူ (tǔu), Tai Nüa ᥖᥧ (tu), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū), Zhuang dou.
Pronunciation edit
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [tu˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [tu˦˥]
Noun edit
References edit
- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][15] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
- Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][16][17] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Tejalapan Zapotec edit
Numeral edit
tu
References edit
- SIL Zapotec Basic Vocabulary, page 53
Timbe edit
Noun edit
tu
References edit
- Michael Foster, Timbe grammar sketch - cohesion in Timbe texts (1981, online 2009), page 10
Tocharian A edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Tocharian B tuwe.
Pronoun edit
tu
Tok Pisin edit
20 | ||
← 1 | 2 | 3 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: tu |
Etymology 1 edit
Numeral edit
tu
Usage notes edit
Used when counting; see also tupela.
Coordinate terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Adverb edit
tu
- too; also; as well
- 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics[18], →ISBN, page 433:
- Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Tsuut'ina edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognate with Navajo tó, Dogrib ti, Gwich'in chųų
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tú
References edit
- Gūnáhà. Tsuut'ina Gunaha Institute. https://gunaha.altlab.app/
Upper Kuskokwim edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun edit
tu
References edit
- Raymond L. Collins, Betty Petruska, Dinak'i (our Words): Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan Junior Dictionary (1979)
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tu˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [tʊw˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [tʊw˧˧]
Audio (Hà Nội) (file)
Etymology 1 edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 修.
Verb edit
tu
- (intransitive) to isolate oneself from other people to follow rules in a philosophy or religion
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
tu
- (transitive) to drink directly from a bottle by holding bottle mouth in one's mouth
Volapük edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
tu
- (degree) too, excessively.
Derived terms edit
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Breton tu, Cornish tu.
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /tɨː/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /tiː/
- Homophone: tŷ; (South Wales) ti
Noun edit
tu m (uncountable)
Derived terms edit
Preposition edit
tu
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
tu | du | nhu | thu |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Welsh Romani edit
Etymology edit
From Romani tu, from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun edit
tu
- you (singular)
References edit
- “tu” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
White Hmong edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tɛŋH (“to snap”).[1]
Verb edit
tu
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
tu
- to look after, care for, prepare
- to clean, clear
References edit
- Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary[19], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, pages 324-5.
- ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 283.
Yale edit
Noun edit
tu
References edit
- Carl Campbell, Jody Campbell, Yale Grammar Essentials (1987), page 4
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- nce:Water