vir

See also: Vir, VIR, viř, vír, Vir., -vir-, and вир

Afrikaans edit

Alternative forms edit

ver (archaic)
vi (Cape Afrikaans)
vi' (Cape Afrikaans)

Etymology edit

From Dutch voor (“for; before”) or rather the dialectal variant veur (compare deur with Dutch door). The Afrikaans distinction between vir (“for”) and voor (“before”) may have been influenced by corresponding German für and vor.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /fər/, [fɨr]
Audio: (file)

Preposition edit

vir

for
Dit is vir jou! ― It is for you!
Used to indicate the addressee of a communicative act.
Sy roep vir haar sussie. ― She is calling to her little sister.

Amen, sê ek vir julle. ― Amen, I say to you.

Die ou man het gesein vir die motorbestuurder. ― The old man signalled to the car driver.
Direct object marker.
Die vrou moer vir die inbreker toe met 'n hamer. ― The woman then whacked the burglar with a hammer.

Derived terms edit

virrie

Related terms edit

voor

Baure edit

Noun edit

vir

wind

Czech edit

Alternative forms edit

virus

Etymology edit

Borrowed from modern European languages, English virus, French virus, German Virus, which are all from Latin virus.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈvɪr]

Noun edit

vir m inan

virus

Declension edit

Declension of vir (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	vir	viry
genitive	viru	virů
dative	viru	virům
accusative	vir	viry
vocative	vire	viry
locative	viru	virech
instrumental	virem	viry

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

virus

Galician edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈbiɾ]

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese vĩir, from Latin venīre.

Verb edit

vir (first-person singular present veño, first-person singular preterite vin, past participle vindo)
vir (first-person singular present venho, first-person singular preterite vim, past participle vindo, reintegrationist norm)

to come
Antonym: ir

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of vir (irregular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	vir
Personal	vir	vires	vir	virmos	virdes	viren
Gerund
	vindo
Past participle
Masculine	vindo			vindos
Feminine	vinda			vindas
Indicative
Present	veño	vés	vén	vimos	vindes, vides	veñen
Imperfect	viña	viñas	viña	viñamos	viñades	viñan
Preterite	vin	viñeches	veu	viñemos	viñestes	viñeron
Pluperfect	viñera	viñeras	viñera	viñeramos	viñerades	viñeran
Future	virei	virás	virá	viremos	viredes	virán
Conditional	viría	virías	viría	viriamos	viriades	virían
Subjunctive
Present	veña	veñas	veña	veñamos	veñades	veñan
Imperfect	viñese	viñeses	viñese	viñésemos	viñésedes	viñesen
Future	viñer	viñeres	viñer	viñermos	viñerdes	viñeren
Imperative
Affirmative		ven	veña	veñamos	vinde, vide	veñan
Negative (non)		non veñas	non veña	non veñamos	non veñades	non veñan

Reintegrated conjugation of vir (irregular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	vir
Personal	vir	vires	vir	virmos	virdes	virem
Gerund
	vindo
Past participle
Masculine	vindo			vindos
Feminine	vinda			vindas
Indicative
Present	venho	vés, vens	vem	vimos	vindes	venhem, vêm, vém¹
Imperfect	vinha	vinhas	vinha	vínhamos	vínhades, vínheis, vínhais¹	vinham
Preterite	vim	vinheste, vieste, vinheche¹	véu, veio	vinhemos, viemos	vinhestes, viestes	vinhérom, vieram
Pluperfect	vinhera, viera	vinheras, vieras	vinhera, viera	vinhéramos, viéramos	vinhérades, viéreis, vinhérais¹	vinheram, vieram
Future	virei	virás	virá	viremos	viredes, vireis	virám, virão
Conditional	viria	virias	viria	viríamos	viríades, viríeis, viríais¹	viriam
Subjunctive
Present	venha	venhas	venha	venhamos	venhades, venhais	venham
Imperfect	vinhesse, viesse	vinhesses, viesses	vinhesse, viesse	vinhéssemos, viéssemos	vinhéssedes, viésseis	vinhessem, viessem
Future	vinher, vier	vinheres, vieres	vinher, vier	vinhermos, viermos	vinherdes, vierdes	vinherem, vierem
Imperative
Affirmative		vem	venha	venhamos	vinde	venham
Negative (nom)		nom venhas	nom venha	nom venhamos	nom venhades, nom venhais	nom venham

¹Less recommended.

Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Inflected form of ver (“to see”).

Verb edit

vir

first/third-person singular future subjunctive of ver

References edit

“viir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“vir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“vir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
“vir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Latin edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Italic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Old Prussian wijrs, Lithuanian vyras, Latvian vīrs, Old Irish fer, Old Norse verr, Ossetian ир (ir, “Ossetians”) and Old English wer (English were-).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /u̯ir/, [u̯ɪr]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /vir/, [vir]

Noun edit

vir m (genitive virī); second declension

man (adult male human)
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.1:
  Arma virumque cano.
  I sing of arms and a man.
brave or courageous man, hero, warrior
husband
(military) foot soldier

Usage notes edit

Vir has the sense of adult male human being. In reference to age or maturity, it is used in opposition to puer (“boy”); in reference to gender or sex, it is used in opposition to or coordination with fēmina or mulier (“woman”). In the context of ancient Roman society, vir connoted a man of freeborn status rather than an enslaved man or freedman.^[1] "Man" in the sense of "human being" is rendered by Latin homō (e.g., as opposed to bēstia (“beast”) or deus (“god”)); in the sense of male, by Latin mās (as opposed to fēmina (“female”)).

Declension edit

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -r).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vir	virī
Genitive	virī	virōrum
Dative	virō	virīs
Accusative	virum	virōs
Ablative	virō	virīs
Vocative	vir	virī

The genitive plural may also be virum, virûm.

Hypernyms edit

(adult male human): homō (“human being”); mās

Derived terms edit

References edit

^ Hagelin, L. (2020), "Homo inter homines sum. The importance of age for freedmen's construction of masculinity in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome", page 131

Luxembourgish edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /fiːʀ/, [ˈfiː.ɐ], [fiə̯]
Homophone: fir

Adverb edit

vir

ahead, at the front, at the fore

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

vir-

Northern Kurdish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronoun edit

vir

here

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative forms edit

virr

Noun edit

vir ?^[1]

lie
vir kirin ― to lie

vir kirin nav rûya ― to lie to one's eyes, lie blatantly

Derived terms edit

virek (“lier”)
virekî (“lie, lying”)
viridîk

References edit

^ Kurdojev, K. K. (1960) “vir II”, in Kurdsko-russkij slovarʹ [Kurdish–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoje izdatelʹstvo inostrannyx i nacionalʹnyx slovarej, page 781b

Old Swedish edit

Alternative forms edit

vī, ᚠᛁᚱ

Etymology edit

From Old East Norse *wīʀ, (compare Old West Norse vér), from Proto-Germanic *wīz.

Pronoun edit

vīr

we
vīr ærum brø̄þer ― we are brothers

Declension edit

Old Swedish personal pronouns

singular
	first person	second person	reflexive	third person
				masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	iak, iæk	þū	—	han	hōn	þæt
accusative	mik, mek	þik	sik	han	hana, hōna	þæt
dative	mǣ(r), mik	þǣ(r), þik	sǣ(r), sik	hōnum, hānum	hænni	þȳ, þī
genitive	mīn	þīn	sīn	hans	hænna(r)	þæs
dual
nominative	vit	it	—	—	—	—
accusative	oker	*iker	sik	—	—	—
dative	oker	*iker	sǣr, sik	—	—	—
genitive	okar	*ikar	sīn	—	—	—
plural
nominative	vī(r)	ī(r)	—	þē(r)	þā(r)	þø̄n, þē(n)
accusative	os, ōs	iþer	sik	þā	þā(r)	þø̄n, þē(n)
dative	os, ōs	iþer	sǣr, sik	þēm, þø̄m, þom	þēm, þø̄m, þom	þēm, þø̄m, þom
genitive	vār	iþar	sīn	þēra	þēra	þēra

Descendants edit

Swedish: vi

Picard edit

Etymology edit

From Old French veoir, veir, from earlier vedeir, from Latin vidēre, present active infinitive of videō.

Verb edit

vir

to see

Piedmontese edit

Noun edit

vir m (plural vir)

turn

Related terms edit

viré

Portuguese edit

Pronunciation edit

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvi(ʁ)/ [ˈvi(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈvi(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈvi(ʁ)/ [ˈvi(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvi(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈviɾ/
- (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbiɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.ɾi/

(Brazil, non-standard) IPA^(key): /vĩ/
Homophone: vi (Brazil) (with -r dropping)
Hyphenation: vir

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese viir~vĩir, from Latin venīre.

Verb edit

vir (first-person singular present venho, first-person singular preterite vim, past participle vindo)

(intransitive) to come (to move towards the speaker or the agent)
Ele veio me cumprimentar.
He came to greet me.
(intransitive) to come; to arrive (to reach a destination, especially where the speaker is)
Synonym: chegar

Venha antes das seis se quiser jantar.
Come before six if you want to have dinner.
(intransitive) to come (to manifest itself; to occur)
Os meses vêm e vão.
The months come and go.
(intransitive) to come (to be located in a certain position in a sequence)
A palavra coçar vem depois de cocar no dicionário.
The word coçar comes after cocar in the dictionary.
(transitive with de) to come from; to be from (to have as one’s place of origin)
Synonym: ser de

Eles vêm de vários países.
They come from various countries.

Estas botas são porcarias e baratas porque vêm da China.
These boots are crap and cheap because they are from China.
(transitive with de) to be caused by; to be due to
Meu sofrimento vem das misérias da vida.
My suffering is due to life’s miseries.
(intransitive, or transitive with de) to come back (from); to return (from)
Synonyms: volta, retornar, tornar

Quando que o pai vem das férias?
When is dad coming back from his vacation?
(auxiliary, with a verb in the gerund) have/has been (forms the present perfect progressive aspect)
Eu venho comendo pizza todos os dias.
I have been eating pizza every day.
(auxiliary with a and a verb in the infinitive) to end up (to eventually do)
Synonym: acabar

Meu irmão veio a se tornar padre.
My brother ended up becoming a priest.
(colloquial, intransitive, or transitive with com) to bitch; to whine (to complain, especially unnecessarily)
Não venha com essa.
Stop whining.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of vir (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	vir
Personal	vir	vires	vir	virmos	virdes	virem
Gerund
	vindo
Past participle
Masculine	vindo			vindos
Feminine	vinda			vindas
Indicative
Present	venho	vens	vem	vimos	vindes	vêm
Imperfect	vinha	vinhas	vinha	vínhamos	vínheis	vinham
Preterite	vim	vieste	veio	viemos	viestes	vieram
Pluperfect	viera	vieras	viera	viéramos	viéreis	vieram
Future	virei	virás	virá	viremos	vireis	virão
Conditional	viria	virias	viria	viríamos	viríeis	viriam
Subjunctive
Present	venha	venhas	venha	venhamos	venhais	venham
Imperfect	viesse	viesses	viesse	viéssemos	viésseis	viessem
Future	vier	vieres	vier	viermos	vierdes	vierem
Imperative
Affirmative		vem	venha	venhamos	vinde	venham
Negative (não)		não venhas	não venha	não venhamos	não venhais	não venham

Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:vir.

Alternative forms edit

vim (nonstandard, proscribed)

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

vir

first/third-person singular future subjunctive of ver

Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ver.

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *virъ.

Noun edit

vir m (Cyrillic spelling вир)

whirlpool
(regional) source

Declension edit

Declension of vir

	singular	plural
nominative	vir	virovi
genitive	vira	virova
dative	viru	virovima
accusative	vir	virove
vocative	vire	virovi
locative	viru	virovima
instrumental	virom	virovima

Slovene edit

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:

vir

Wikipedia ^sl

Etymology edit

From Proto-Slavic *virъ.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʋíːr/

Noun edit

vȋr m inan

source (of water; e.g. a spring or well)
source, origin

Inflection edit

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	vír
gen. sing.	víra
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	vír	víra	víri
genitive (rodȋlnik)	víra	vírov	vírov
dative (dajȃlnik)	víru	víroma	vírom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	vír	víra	víre
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	víru	vírih	vírih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	vírom	víroma	víri

vir

Afrikaans edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Baure edit

Noun edit

Czech edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Further reading edit

Galician edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Verb edit

References edit

Latin edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Usage notes edit

Declension edit

Hypernyms edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

Further reading edit

Luxembourgish edit

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Northern Kurdish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronoun edit

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

Old Swedish edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronoun edit

Declension edit

Descendants edit

Picard edit

Etymology edit

Verb edit

Piedmontese edit

Noun edit

Related terms edit

Portuguese edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

Quotations edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Verb edit

Quotations edit

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Further reading edit

Slovene edit

Etymology edit