éperonner
French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French esperoner, corresponding to éperon + -er.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
éperonner
- (transitive) to spur (hit a horse with a spur)
- (transitive) to spur on
- (nautical, transitive) to ram (to use a ram to hit another ship)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of éperonner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | éperonner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | éperonnant /e.pʁɔ.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | éperonné /e.pʁɔ.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | éperonne /e.pʁɔn/ |
éperonnes /e.pʁɔn/ |
éperonne /e.pʁɔn/ |
éperonnons /e.pʁɔ.nɔ̃/ |
éperonnez /e.pʁɔ.ne/ |
éperonnent /e.pʁɔn/ |
| imperfect | éperonnais /e.pʁɔ.nɛ/ |
éperonnais /e.pʁɔ.nɛ/ |
éperonnait /e.pʁɔ.nɛ/ |
éperonnions /e.pʁɔ.njɔ̃/ |
éperonniez /e.pʁɔ.nje/ |
éperonnaient /e.pʁɔ.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | éperonnai /e.pʁɔ.ne/ |
éperonnas /e.pʁɔ.na/ |
éperonna /e.pʁɔ.na/ |
éperonnâmes /e.pʁɔ.nam/ |
éperonnâtes /e.pʁɔ.nat/ |
éperonnèrent /e.pʁɔ.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | éperonnerai /e.pʁɔn.ʁe/ |
éperonneras /e.pʁɔn.ʁa/ |
éperonnera /e.pʁɔn.ʁa/ |
éperonnerons /e.pʁɔn.ʁɔ̃/ |
éperonnerez /e.pʁɔn.ʁe/ |
éperonneront /e.pʁɔn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | éperonnerais /e.pʁɔn.ʁɛ/ |
éperonnerais /e.pʁɔn.ʁɛ/ |
éperonnerait /e.pʁɔn.ʁɛ/ |
éperonnerions /e.pʁɔ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
éperonneriez /e.pʁɔ.nə.ʁje/ |
éperonneraient /e.pʁɔn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | éperonne /e.pʁɔn/ |
éperonnes /e.pʁɔn/ |
éperonne /e.pʁɔn/ |
éperonnions /e.pʁɔ.njɔ̃/ |
éperonniez /e.pʁɔ.nje/ |
éperonnent /e.pʁɔn/ |
| imperfect2 | éperonnasse /e.pʁɔ.nas/ |
éperonnasses /e.pʁɔ.nas/ |
éperonnât /e.pʁɔ.na/ |
éperonnassions /e.pʁɔ.na.sjɔ̃/ |
éperonnassiez /e.pʁɔ.na.sje/ |
éperonnassent /e.pʁɔ.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | éperonne /e.pʁɔn/ |
— | éperonnons /e.pʁɔ.nɔ̃/ |
éperonnez /e.pʁɔ.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading edit
- “éperonner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.