λυγρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Indo-European *luǵrós, from *lewǵ-. Apparently related to λευγαλέος (leugaléos, “wretched, unhappy”). Cognate with Latin lūgeō.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ly.ɡrós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /lyˈɡros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /lyˈɣros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /lyˈɣros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /liˈɣros/

Adjective

λῠγρός • (lugrós) m (feminine λῠγρᾱ́, neuter λῠγρόν); first/second declension

sore, baneful, mournful
(of persons) baneful, mischievous

Inflection

First and second declension of λυγρός; λυγρᾱ́; λυγρόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	λυγρός lugrós	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγροί lugroí	λυγραί lugraí	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Genitive	λυγροῦ lugroû	λυγρᾶς lugrâs	λυγροῦ lugroû	λυγροῖν lugroîn	λυγραῖν lugraîn	λυγροῖν lugroîn	λυγρῶν lugrôn	λυγρῶν lugrôn	λυγρῶν lugrôn
Dative	λυγρῷ lugrôi	λυγρᾷ lugrâi	λυγρῷ lugrôi	λυγροῖν lugroîn	λυγραῖν lugraîn	λυγροῖν lugroîn	λυγροῖς lugroîs	λυγραῖς lugraîs	λυγροῖς lugroîs
Accusative	λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρᾱ́ν lugrā́n	λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρούς lugroús	λυγρᾱ́ς lugrā́s	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Vocative	λυγρέ lugré	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγροί lugroí	λυγραί lugraí	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	λυγρῶς lugrôs			λυγρότερος lugróteros			λυγρότᾰτος lugrótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of λυγρός; λυγρή; λυγρόν (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	λυγρός lugrós	λυγρή lugrḗ	λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγροί lugroí	λυγραί lugraí	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Genitive	λυγροῦ / λυγροῖο / λυγρόο lugroû / lugroîo / lugróo	λυγρῆς lugrês	λυγροῦ / λυγροῖο / λυγρόο lugroû / lugroîo / lugróo	λυγροῖῐν lugroîin	λυγραῖν / λυγραῖῐν / λυγρῇῐν lugraî(i)n / lugrêiin	λυγροῖῐν lugroîin	λυγρῶν lugrôn	λυγρᾱ́ων / λυγρέ͜ων / λυγρῶν lugrā́ōn / lugré͜ōn / lugrôn	λυγρῶν lugrôn
Dative	λυγρῷ lugrôi	λυγρῇ lugrêi	λυγρῷ lugrôi	λυγροῖῐν lugroîin	λυγραῖν / λυγραῖῐν / λυγρῇῐν lugraî(i)n / lugrêiin	λυγροῖῐν lugroîin	λυγροῖσῐ / λυγροῖσῐν / λυγροῖς lugroîsi(n) / lugroîs	λυγρῇσῐ / λυγρῇσῐν / λυγρῇς / λυγραῖς lugrêisi(n) / lugrêis / lugraîs	λυγροῖσῐ / λυγροῖσῐν / λυγροῖς lugroîsi(n) / lugroîs
Accusative	λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρήν lugrḗn	λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρούς lugroús	λυγρᾱ́ς lugrā́s	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Vocative	λυγρέ lugré	λυγρή lugrḗ	λυγρόν lugrón	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγρᾱ́ lugrā́	λυγρώ lugrṓ	λυγροί lugroí	λυγραί lugraí	λυγρᾰ́ lugrá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	λυγρῶς lugrôs			λυγρότερος lugróteros			λυγρότᾰτος lugrótatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

λυγροπαθής (lugropathḗs)

“λυγρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“λυγρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“λυγρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
λυγρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
λυγρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“λυγρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- baleful idem, page 60.
- baneful idem, page 61.
- magic idem, page 507.
- noxious idem, page 562.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN