πνεῦμα
See also: πνεύμα
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥, equivalent to πνευ- (pneu-), the root of πνέω (pnéō, “I blow”), + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pnêu̯.ma/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpnew.ma/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpneβ.ma/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpnev.ma/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpnev.ma/
Noun edit
πνεῦμα • (pneûma) n (genitive πνεύματος); third declension
- air
- wind
- breath
- (phonology) breathing
- life
- spirit, soul
- spiritual being: spirit, angel
- inspiration (often divine inspiration), genius
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ πνεῦμᾰ tò pneûma |
τὼ πνεύμᾰτε tṑ pneúmate |
τᾰ̀ πνεύμᾰτᾰ tà pneúmata | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ πνεύμᾰτος toû pneúmatos |
τοῖν πνευμᾰ́τοιν toîn pneumátoin |
τῶν πνευμᾰ́των tôn pneumátōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ πνεύμᾰτῐ tôi pneúmati |
τοῖν πνευμᾰ́τοιν toîn pneumátoin |
τοῖς πνεύμᾰσῐ / πνεύμᾰσῐν toîs pneúmasi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ πνεῦμᾰ tò pneûma |
τὼ πνεύμᾰτε tṑ pneúmate |
τᾰ̀ πνεύμᾰτᾰ tà pneúmata | ||||||||||
Vocative | πνεῦμᾰ pneûma |
πνεύμᾰτε pneúmate |
πνεύμᾰτᾰ pneúmata | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms edit
- ψυχή (psukhḗ)
Derived terms edit
- πνεῦμᾰτικός (pneûmatikós)
- πνευμάτιον (pneumátion)
- πνευμάτιος (pneumátios)
- πνευματόω (pneumatóō)
- πνευματώδης (pneumatṓdēs)
Descendants edit
References edit
- “πνεῦμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πνεῦμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- πνεῦμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G4151 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- πνεῦμα in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.